Trujillo Andrea N, Kesl Shannon L, Sherwood Jacob, Wu Mack, Gould Lisa J
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida.
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida; Department of Surgery, University of South Florida.
J Vis Exp. 2015 Apr 1(98):e52637. doi: 10.3791/52637.
The propensity for chronic wounds in humans increases with ageing, disease conditions such as diabetes and impaired cardiovascular function, and unrelieved pressure due to immobility. Animal models have been developed that attempt to mimic these conditions for the purpose of furthering our understanding of the complexity of chronic wounds. The model described herein is a rat ischemic skin flap model that permits a prolonged reduction of blood flow resulting in wounds that become ischemic and resemble a chronic wound phenotype (reduced vascularization, increased inflammation and delayed wound closure). It consists of a bipedicled dorsal flap with 2 ischemic wounds placed centrally and 2 non-ischemic wounds lateral to the flap as controls. A novel addition to this ischemic skin flap model is the placement of a silicone sheet beneath the flap that functions as a barrier and a splint to prevent revascularization and reduce contraction as the wounds heal. Despite the debate of using rats for wound healing studies due to their quite distinct anatomic and physiologic differences compared to humans (i.e., the presence of a panniculus carnosus muscle, short life-span, increased number of hair follicles, and their ability to heal infected wounds) the modifications employed in this model make it a valuable alternative to previously developed ischemic skin flap models.
人类慢性伤口的易发性会随着年龄增长、糖尿病等疾病状况以及心血管功能受损，还有因行动不便导致的长期压力而增加。为了进一步了解慢性伤口的复杂性，人们已经开发出了试图模拟这些状况的动物模型。本文所述的模型是一种大鼠缺血性皮瓣模型，它能使血流量长期减少，从而导致伤口缺血，并呈现出类似慢性伤口的表型（血管化减少、炎症增加和伤口愈合延迟）。它由一个双蒂背侧皮瓣组成，在皮瓣中央有2个缺血性伤口，在皮瓣外侧有2个非缺血性伤口作为对照。这个缺血性皮瓣模型的一个新特点是在皮瓣下方放置了一块硅胶片，其作用是作为屏障和夹板，在伤口愈合时防止血管再生并减少收缩。尽管由于大鼠与人类在解剖学和生理学上存在明显差异（即存在肉膜肌、寿命短、毛囊数量增加以及它们愈合感染伤口的能力），在伤口愈合研究中使用大鼠存在争议，但该模型所采用的改进使其成为先前开发的缺血性皮瓣模型的一个有价值的替代方案。
