Köck Robin, Ballhausen Britta, Bischoff Markus, Cuny Christiane, Eckmanns Tim, Fetsch Alexandra, Harmsen Dag, Goerge Tobias, Oberheitmann Boris, Schwarz Stefan, Selhorst Thomas, Tenhagen Bernd-Alois, Walther Birgit, Witte Wolfgang, Ziebuhr Wilma, Becker Karsten
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2014 Sep-Oct;127(9-10):384-98.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes colonization and infection both in animals and humans. In Germany, cases of MRSA colonization among humans, w+hich affect 0.5-1.5% of the general population and 1.0-2.5% of patients at hospital admission, are still mostly associated with previous healthcare contact and defined epidemic clonal lineages. However, MRSA is also distributed in livestock production in Germany, mostly without causing infections in the animals. These MRSA predominantly belong to the clonal complex (CC) 398, but also to CC9 and CC97. Zoonotic transmission of MRSA CC398 from livestock to humans occurs predominantly in people with occupational livestock contact. Spread of MRSA CC398 to household members of these persons is also frequently observed, but dissemination in the general population is limited so far However, especially in areas with intensive livestock husbandry, about 20-38% of MRSA CC398 cases among humans cannot be epidemiologically linked to direct livestock contact, indicating other transmission pathways. MRSA CC398 currently causes about 2% of all human MRSA infections (wound infections, pneumonia, sepsis) in Germany, but up to 10% in regions characterized by a high density of livestock-farming. The burden of MRSA in companion animals was demonstrated to range between 3.6-9.4% within wound samples obtained from dogs, cats and horses, respectively. In contrast to livestock and horses, MRSA distributed in pet animals are mostly associated with MRSA clonal lineages that are also prevalent in human healthcare facilities. Overall, zoonotic exchange of MRSA between humans and animals has relevant impact on the epidemiology of MRSA in Germany.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）可在动物和人类中引起定植和感染。在德国，人类中的MRSA定植病例影响着0.5 - 1.5%的普通人群以及1.0 - 2.5%的入院患者，这些病例大多仍与先前的医疗接触以及特定的流行克隆谱系有关。然而，MRSA在德国的畜牧生产中也有分布，大多不会在动物中引发感染。这些MRSA主要属于克隆复合体（CC）398，但也有CC9和CC97。MRSA CC398从家畜向人类的人畜共患病传播主要发生在有职业性家畜接触的人群中。这些人的家庭成员中也经常观察到MRSA CC398的传播，但到目前为止在普通人群中的传播有限。然而，特别是在集约化畜牧业地区，约20 - 38%的人类MRSA CC398病例在流行病学上无法与直接的家畜接触联系起来，这表明存在其他传播途径。目前，MRSA CC398在德国导致约2%的所有人类MRSA感染（伤口感染、肺炎、败血症），但在以高密度畜牧养殖为特征的地区这一比例高达10%。已证明伴侣动物中MRSA的负担在分别从狗、猫和马获取的伤口样本中为3.6 - 9.4%。与家畜和马不同，宠物动物中分布的MRSA大多与在人类医疗机构中也普遍存在的MRSA克隆谱系有关。总体而言，人畜之间MRSA的人畜共患病交换对德国MRSA的流行病学有相关影响。
