van Duijnhoven Sander M J, Robillard Marc S, Langereis Sander, Grüll Holger
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2015 Jul-Aug;10(4):282-308. doi: 10.1002/cmmi.1636. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
Molecular imaging is a powerful tool to visualize and characterize biological processes at the cellular and molecular level in vivo. In most molecular imaging approaches, probes are used to bind to disease-specific biomarkers highlighting disease target sites. In recent years, a new subset of molecular imaging probes, known as bioresponsive molecular probes, has been developed. These probes generally benefit from signal enhancement at the site of interaction with its target. There are mainly two classes of bioresponsive imaging probes. The first class consists of probes that show direct activation of the imaging label (from "off" to "on" state) and have been applied in optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The other class consists of probes that show specific retention of the imaging label at the site of target interaction and these probes have found application in all different imaging modalities, including photoacoustic imaging and nuclear imaging. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of bioresponsive imaging probes in order to discuss the various molecular imaging strategies. The focus of the present article is the rationale behind the design of bioresponsive molecular imaging probes and their potential in vivo application for the detection of endogenous molecular targets in pathologies such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
分子成像是一种强大的工具，可在体内细胞和分子水平上可视化和表征生物过程。在大多数分子成像方法中，探针用于与疾病特异性生物标志物结合，突出显示疾病靶点。近年来，已开发出一种新的分子成像探针子集，称为生物响应性分子探针。这些探针通常受益于与其靶点相互作用部位的信号增强。生物响应性成像探针主要有两类。第一类由显示成像标记直接激活（从“关闭”到“开启”状态）的探针组成，并已应用于光学成像和磁共振成像（MRI）。另一类由在靶点相互作用部位显示成像标记特异性保留的探针组成，这些探针已在包括光声成像和核成像在内的所有不同成像模态中得到应用。在本综述中，我们对生物响应性成像探针进行了全面概述，以讨论各种分子成像策略。本文的重点是生物响应性分子成像探针设计背后的原理及其在体内检测癌症和心血管疾病等病理状态下内源性分子靶点的潜在应用。
