Reshma Cherian Sebastian, Sruthi Sudhakaran, Syama Santhakumar, Gayathri Vishwanath, Mohanan Parayanthala Valappil
Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India.
Toxicol Res. 2015 Mar;31(1):49-59. doi: 10.5487/TR.2015.31.1.049.
Eye is a highly vascularised organ. There are chances that a foreign substance can enter the systemic circulation through the eye and cause oxidative stress and evoke immune response. Here the eyes of rabbits were exposed, for a period of 7 days, to 5 known ocular irritants: Cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium salicylate (SS), imidazole (IMI), acetaminophen (ACT) and nicotinamide (NIC). The eyes were scored according to the draize scoring. Blood collected from the treated rabbit were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. After sacrifice, histological analysis of the eye and analysis of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) in the cornea using ELISA was carried out. Spleen was collected and the proliferation capacities of spleenocytes were analyzed. Liver and brain were collected and assessed for oxidative stress. The eye irritation potential of the chemicals was evident from the redness and swelling of the conjunctiva and cornea. Histopathological analysis and ELISA assay showed signs of inflammation in the eye. However, the haematological and biochemical parameters showed no change. Spleenocyte proliferations showed only slight alterations which were not significant. Also oxidative stress in the brain and liver were negligible. In conclusion, chemicals which cause ocular irritation and inflammation did not show any systemic side-effects in the present scenario.
眼睛是一个血管高度丰富的器官。异物有可能通过眼睛进入体循环，引起氧化应激并引发免疫反应。在此，将家兔的眼睛暴露于5种已知的眼部刺激物中7天，这5种刺激物分别是：十六烷基氯化吡啶（CPC）、水杨酸钠（SS）、咪唑（IMI）、对乙酰氨基酚（ACT）和烟酰胺（NIC）。根据Draize评分对眼睛进行评分。对经处理的家兔采集的血液进行血液学和生化参数分析。处死后，对眼睛进行组织学分析，并使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法分析角膜中的促炎生物标志物（IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α）。采集脾脏并分析脾细胞的增殖能力。采集肝脏和大脑并评估氧化应激情况。化学物质的眼部刺激潜能从结膜和角膜的发红和肿胀中明显可见。组织病理学分析和ELISA检测显示眼睛有炎症迹象。然而，血液学和生化参数没有变化。脾细胞增殖仅显示轻微改变，无统计学意义。此外，大脑和肝脏中的氧化应激可忽略不计。总之，在当前情况下，引起眼部刺激和炎症的化学物质未显示出任何全身性副作用。
