Bhardwaj Sanjana, Carter Bryan, Aarons Gregory A, Chi Benjamin H
UNICEF, Pretoria, South Africa.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Jun;12(2):246-55. doi: 10.1007/s11904-015-0260-1.
Tremendous gains have been made in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) in sub-Saharan Africa. Ambitious goals for the "virtual elimination" of pediatric HIV appear increasingly feasible, driven by new scientific advances, forward-thinking health policy, and substantial donor investment. To fulfill this promise, however, rapid and effective implementation of evidence-based practices must be brought to scale across a diversity of settings. The discipline of implementation research can facilitate this translation from policy into practice; however, to date, its core principles and frameworks have been inconsistently applied in the field. We reviewed the recent developments in implementation research across each of the four "prongs" of a comprehensive PMTCT approach. While significant progress continues to be made, a greater emphasis on context, fidelity, and scalability-in the design and dissemination of study results-would greatly enhance current efforts and provide the necessary foundation for future evidence-based programs.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区在预防母婴传播艾滋病毒（PMTCT）方面取得了巨大进展。在新的科学进展、前瞻性卫生政策和大量捐助投资的推动下，“实际消除”儿童艾滋病毒的宏伟目标似乎越来越可行。然而，要实现这一承诺，必须在各种环境中迅速有效地推广基于证据的做法。实施研究学科可以促进从政策到实践的转化；然而，迄今为止，其核心原则和框架在该领域的应用并不一致。我们回顾了全面预防母婴传播艾滋病毒方法的四个“分支”中每个分支的实施研究的最新进展。虽然继续取得了重大进展，但在研究结果的设计和传播中更加强调背景、保真度和可扩展性，将大大加强当前的努力，并为未来基于证据的项目提供必要的基础。
