†Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, PAAP, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, , Ruta 3 km 363, CP60000 Paysandú, Uruguay.
§INIA La Estanzuela, Apicultura, Colonia, Uruguay.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 13;63(18):4484-92. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00795. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
Beehive products could be powerful monitors of pesticide residues originating in agroecosystems during production cycles. Their ready availability provides enough samples to perform analytical determinations, but their chemical complexity makes residue analysis a real challenge. Taking advantage of the plasticity of QuEChERS coupled to LC-MS/MS, validated methodologies were developed for bees, honey, beeswax, and pollen and applied to real samples for the simultaneous determination of 19 of the most employed pesticides in intensive cropping fields. Beehives placed in Uruguayan agroecosystems accumulated the pesticides thiacloprid, imidacloprid, methomyl, carbaryl, hexythiazox, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and haloxyfop-methyl at 0.0001-0.01 mg/kg levels. The oscillations on the amount and occurrence of residue findings for specific apiaries were correlated statistically with the sampling season and the agroecosystem where the beehives were located, showing the potential of bees and bee products to record relevant information to survey the chemicals applied in their surroundings.
蜂巢产品可以成为生产周期中源自农业生态系统的农药残留的有力监测器。它们的广泛可用性提供了足够的样本进行分析测定，但它们的化学复杂性使得残留分析成为一个真正的挑战。利用 QuEChERS 与 LC-MS/MS 的可变性，开发了针对蜜蜂、蜂蜜、蜂蜡和花粉的经过验证的方法，并将其应用于实际样品中，以同时测定集约化种植田中使用的 19 种最常用的农药。放置在乌拉圭农业生态系统中的蜂巢积累了噻虫啉、吡虫啉、灭多威、西维因、噻虫嗪、唑菌酯、嘧菌酯、戊唑醇和甲基氯氟磷的残留量为 0.0001-0.01 毫克/千克。特定蜂场的残留量和出现的波动与采样季节和蜂巢所在的农业生态系统有统计学上的相关性，这表明蜜蜂和蜜蜂产品具有记录与其周围环境中使用的化学品相关信息的潜力。
