Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian Univesity of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian Univesity of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jan;238:124555. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124555. Epub 2019 Aug 10.
Pesticide residues in bee products is still a major issue. However, the relations to botanical source and land use characteristics are not clear. The large variability of residues detected questions the suitability of bee-collected- and other hive materials as indicators for environmental contamination. The aim of our study was to clarify whether different beehive matrices contain similar pesticide residues, and how these are correlated with forage preferences and land use types in foraging areas. We tested bee-collected pollen, beebread, honey, nurse bees and honey bee larvae for the presence of concurrently used agricultural pesticides in Estonia. Samples were collected at the end of May and mid-July to include the main crop in northern region - winter and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We saw that different beehive matrices contained various types of pesticide residues in different proportions: pollen and beebread tended to contain more insecticides and fungicides, whereas herbicides represented the primary contaminant in honey. The variations were related to collection year and time but were not related to crops as basic forage resource nor the land use type. We found few positive correlations between amount of pesticides and proportion of pollen from any particular plant family. None of these correlations were related to any land-use type. We conclude that pesticide residues in different honey bee colony components vary largely in amount and composition. The occurrence rate of pesticide residues was not linked to any particular crop.
蜂产品中的农药残留仍然是一个主要问题。然而，其与植物源和土地利用特征的关系尚不清楚。残留量的巨大变异性质疑了蜜蜂采集的和其他蜂巢材料作为环境污染物指示物的适宜性。我们研究的目的是阐明不同的蜂巢基质是否含有相似的农药残留，以及这些残留与觅食区的饲料偏好和土地利用类型有何关联。我们在爱沙尼亚测试了蜜蜂采集的花粉、蜂粮、蜂蜜、工蜂和蜜蜂幼虫中同时使用的农业农药的存在情况。这些样本是在 5 月底和 7 月中旬采集的，以包括北方地区的主要作物——冬春油菜（Brassica napus）。我们发现不同的蜂巢基质以不同的比例包含不同类型的农药残留：花粉和蜂粮往往含有更多的杀虫剂和杀菌剂，而除草剂则是蜂蜜中的主要污染物。这些变化与采集年份和时间有关，但与基本饲料资源的作物或土地利用类型无关。我们发现，很少有关于任何特定植物科的花粉的农药数量和比例之间存在正相关关系。这些相关性都与任何土地利用类型无关。我们得出结论，不同的蜜蜂群体成分中的农药残留在数量和组成上差异很大。农药残留的发生率与任何特定作物都没有关系。
