Robinson David G, Brandizzi Federica, Hawes Chris, Nakano Akihiko
Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.G.R.);Department of Plant Biology and Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (F.B.);Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (C.H.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (A.N.); andLive Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan (A.N.)
Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.G.R.);Department of Plant Biology and Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (F.B.);Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (C.H.); Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (A.N.); andLive Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan (A.N.).
Plant Physiol. 2015 Jun;168(2):393-406. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00124. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the gateway to the secretory pathway in all eukaryotic cells. Its products subsequently pass through the Golgi apparatus on the way to the cell surface (true secretion) or to the lytic compartment of the cell (vacuolar protein transport). In animal cells, the Golgi apparatus is present as a stationary larger order complex near the nucleus, and transport between the cortical ER and the Golgi complex occurs via an intermediate compartment which is transported on microtubules. By contrast, higher plant cells have discrete mobile Golgi stacks that move along the cortical ER, and the intermediate compartment is absent. Although many of the major molecular players involved in ER-Golgi trafficking in mammalian and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells have homologs in higher plants, the narrow interface (less than 500 nm) between the Golgi and the ER, together with the motility factor, makes the identification of the transport vectors responsible for bidirectional traffic between these two organelles much more difficult. Over the years, a controversy has arisen over the two major possibilities by which transfer can occur: through vesicles or direct tubular connections. In this article, four leading plant cell biologists attempted to resolve this issue. Unfortunately, their opinions are so divergent and often opposing that it was not possible to reach a consensus. Thus, we decided to let each tell his or her version individually. The review begins with an article by Federica Brandizzi that provides the necessary molecular background on coat protein complexes in relation to the so-called secretory units model for ER-Golgi transport in highly vacuolated plant cells. The second article, written by Chris Hawes, presents the evidence in favor of tubules. It is followed by an article from David Robinson defending the classical notion that transport occurs via vesicles. The last article, by Akihiko Nakano, introduces the reader to possible alternatives to vesicles or tubules, which are now emerging as a result of exciting new developments in high-resolution light microscopy in yeast.
内质网（ER）是所有真核细胞分泌途径的入口。其产物随后在前往细胞表面（真正的分泌）或细胞的溶酶体区室（液泡蛋白运输）的途中穿过高尔基体。在动物细胞中，高尔基体以固定的较大级复合物形式存在于细胞核附近，内质网皮质区和高尔基体复合物之间的运输通过在微管上运输的中间区室进行。相比之下，高等植物细胞具有沿内质网皮质区移动的离散的可移动高尔基体堆叠，并且不存在中间区室。尽管参与哺乳动物和酵母（酿酒酵母）细胞内质网 - 高尔基体运输的许多主要分子参与者在高等植物中具有同源物，但高尔基体和内质网之间狭窄的界面（小于500纳米）以及运动因子使得识别负责这两个细胞器之间双向运输的转运载体更加困难。多年来，关于转移可能发生的两种主要方式出现了争议：通过囊泡或直接的管状连接。在本文中，四位顶尖的植物细胞生物学家试图解决这个问题。不幸的是，他们的观点分歧很大且常常相互对立，无法达成共识。因此，我们决定让每个人分别讲述自己的观点。综述从费德里卡·布兰迪齐的一篇文章开始，该文章提供了与高度液泡化植物细胞内质网 - 高尔基体运输的所谓分泌单位模型相关的衣被蛋白复合物的必要分子背景。第二篇文章由克里斯·霍斯撰写，提出了支持管状结构的证据。接着是大卫·罗宾逊的一篇文章捍卫了经典观点，即运输通过囊泡发生。最后一篇文章由中野明彦撰写，向读者介绍了囊泡或管状结构之外可能的替代方式，这些方式正随着酵母高分辨率光学显微镜令人兴奋的新进展而出现。
