Sheffield Perry Elizabeth, Zhou Jiang, Shmool Jessie Loving Carr, Clougherty Jane Ellen
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl., Box 1057, DPM, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
Environ Health. 2015 Mar 18;14:25. doi: 10.1186/s12940-015-0010-2.
Childhood asthma morbidity has been associated with ambient ozone in case-crossover studies. Varying effects of ozone by child age and sex, however, have been less explored.
This study evaluates associations between ozone exposure and asthma emergency department visits and hospitalizations among boys and girls aged 5-17 years in New York City for the 2005-2011 warm season period. Time-stratified case-crossover analysis was conducted and, for comparison, time-series analysis controlling for season, day-of-week, same-day and delayed effects of temperature and relative humidity were also performed.
We found associations between ambient ozone levels and childhood asthma emergency department visits and hospitalizations in New York City, although the relationships varied among boys and girls and by age group. For an increase of interquartile range (0.013 ppm) in ozone, there was a 2.9-8.4% increased risk for boys and 5.4-6.5% for girls in asthma emergency department visits; and 8.2% increased risk for girls in hospitalizations. Among girls, we observed stronger associations among older children (10-13 and 14-17 year age groups). We did not observe significant modification by age for boys. Boys exhibited a more prompt response (lag day 1) to ozone than did girls (lag day 3), but significant associations for girls were retained longer, through lag day 6.
Our study indicates significant variance in associations between short-term ozone concentrations and asthma events by child sex and age. Differences in ozone response for boys and girls, before and after puberty, may point towards both social (gendered) and biological (sex-linked) sources of effect modification.
在病例交叉研究中，儿童哮喘发病率与环境臭氧有关。然而，臭氧对儿童年龄和性别的不同影响尚未得到充分研究。
本研究评估了2005 - 2011年暖季期间纽约市5至17岁男孩和女孩的臭氧暴露与哮喘急诊就诊及住院之间的关联。进行了时间分层病例交叉分析，作为比较，还进行了控制季节、星期几、温度和相对湿度的同日及延迟效应的时间序列分析。
我们发现纽约市环境臭氧水平与儿童哮喘急诊就诊及住院之间存在关联，尽管男孩和女孩以及不同年龄组之间的关系有所不同。臭氧增加四分位间距（0.013 ppm），男孩哮喘急诊就诊风险增加2.9 - 8.4%，女孩增加5.4 - 6.5%；女孩住院风险增加8.2%。在女孩中，我们观察到年龄较大的儿童（10 - 13岁和14 - 17岁年龄组）之间的关联更强。我们未观察到男孩年龄对关联有显著影响。男孩对臭氧的反应比女孩更迅速（滞后1天），而女孩的显著关联持续时间更长，直至滞后6天。
我们的研究表明，短期臭氧浓度与哮喘事件之间的关联因儿童性别和年龄存在显著差异。青春期前后男孩和女孩对臭氧反应的差异可能指向社会（性别）和生物学（性连锁）效应修饰来源。
