Sofroniew Michael V
Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015 May;16(5):249-63. doi: 10.1038/nrn3898.
Astrocytes form borders (glia limitans) that separate neural from non-neural tissue along perivascular spaces, meninges and tissue lesions in the CNS. Transgenic loss-of-function studies reveal that astrocyte borders and scars serve as functional barriers that restrict the entry of inflammatory cells into CNS parenchyma in health and disease. Astrocytes also have powerful pro-inflammatory potential. Thus, astrocytes are emerging as pivotal regulators of CNS inflammatory responses. This Review discusses evidence that astrocytes have crucial roles in attracting and restricting CNS inflammation, with important implications for diverse CNS disorders.
星形胶质细胞形成边界（胶质界膜），沿着中枢神经系统的血管周围间隙、脑膜和组织损伤处将神经组织与非神经组织分隔开来。转基因功能丧失研究表明，星形胶质细胞边界和瘢痕作为功能性屏障，在健康和疾病状态下限制炎症细胞进入中枢神经系统实质。星形胶质细胞还具有强大的促炎潜力。因此，星形胶质细胞正成为中枢神经系统炎症反应的关键调节因子。本综述讨论了星形胶质细胞在吸引和限制中枢神经系统炎症方面发挥关键作用的证据，这对多种中枢神经系统疾病具有重要意义。
