Khakh Baljit S, Sofroniew Michael V
1] Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nat Neurosci. 2015 Jul;18(7):942-52. doi: 10.1038/nn.4043.
Astrocytes tile the entire CNS. They are vital for neural circuit function, but have traditionally been viewed as simple, homogenous cells that serve the same essential supportive roles everywhere. Here, we summarize breakthroughs that instead indicate that astrocytes represent a population of complex and functionally diverse cells. Physiological diversity of astrocytes is apparent between different brain circuits and microcircuits, and individual astrocytes display diverse signaling in subcellular compartments. With respect to injury and disease, astrocytes undergo diverse phenotypic changes that may be protective or causative with regard to pathology in a context-dependent manner. These new insights herald the concept that astrocytes represent a diverse population of genetically tractable cells that mediate neural circuit-specific roles in health and disease.
星形胶质细胞覆盖整个中枢神经系统。它们对神经回路功能至关重要，但传统上一直被视为简单、同质的细胞，在各处发挥相同的基本支持作用。在此，我们总结了一些突破，这些突破反而表明星形胶质细胞代表了一群复杂且功能多样的细胞。星形胶质细胞的生理多样性在不同的脑回路和微回路之间很明显，并且单个星形胶质细胞在亚细胞区室中表现出多样的信号传导。在损伤和疾病方面，星形胶质细胞会经历多样的表型变化，这些变化在特定情境下对病理过程可能具有保护作用或致病作用。这些新见解预示着这样一个概念，即星形胶质细胞代表了一群具有遗传易处理性的多样细胞，它们在健康和疾病中介导神经回路特异性作用。
