Sam I-Ching, Kümmerer Beate M, Chan Yoke-Fun, Roques Pierre, Drosten Christian, AbuBakar Sazaly
1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015 Apr;15(4):223-30. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1680.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Aedes-borne alphavirus, historically found in Africa and Asia, where it caused sporadic outbreaks. In 2004, CHIKV reemerged in East Africa and spread globally to cause epidemics, including, for the first time, autochthonous transmission in Europe, the Middle East, and Oceania. The epidemic strains were of the East/Central/South African genotype. Strains of the Asian genotype of CHIKV continued to cause outbreaks in Asia and spread to Oceania and, in 2013, to the Americas. Acute disease, mainly comprising fever, rash, and arthralgia, was previously regarded as self-limiting; however, there is growing evidence of severe but rare manifestations, such as neurological disease. Furthermore, CHIKV appears to cause a significant burden of long-term morbidity due to persistent arthralgia. Diagnostic assays have advanced greatly in recent years, although there remains a need for simple, accurate, and affordable tests for the developing countries where CHIKV is most prevalent. This review focuses on recent important work on the epidemiology, clinical disease and diagnostics of CHIKV.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）是一种由伊蚊传播的甲病毒，历史上在非洲和亚洲被发现，在那里它引发了零星的疫情。2004年，CHIKV在东非再次出现并在全球传播，引发疫情，包括首次在欧洲、中东和大洋洲出现本地传播。流行毒株属于东非/中非/南非基因型。亚洲基因型的CHIKV毒株继续在亚洲引发疫情，并传播到大洋洲，2013年传播到美洲。急性疾病主要包括发热、皮疹和关节痛，以前被认为是自限性的；然而，越来越多的证据表明存在严重但罕见的表现，如神经系统疾病。此外，由于持续性关节痛，CHIKV似乎会导致严重的长期发病负担。近年来诊断检测有了很大进展，尽管对于CHIKV最流行的发展中国家来说，仍然需要简单、准确且经济实惠的检测方法。本综述重点关注CHIKV在流行病学、临床疾病和诊断方面的近期重要研究工作。
