美洲和欧洲当地伊蚊传播基孔肯雅病毒的可能性。
Chikungunya virus transmission potential by local Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe.
作者信息
Vega-Rúa Anubis, Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo, Mousson Laurence, Vazeille Marie, Fuchs Sappho, Yébakima André, Gustave Joel, Girod Romain, Dusfour Isabelle, Leparc-Goffart Isabelle, Vanlandingham Dana L, Huang Yan-Jang S, Lounibos L Philip, Mohamed Ali Souand, Nougairede Antoine, de Lamballerie Xavier, Failloux Anna-Bella
机构信息
Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut de Formation Doctorale (IFD), Paris, France.
Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May 20;9(5):e0003780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003780. eCollection 2015 May.
BACKGROUND
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), mainly transmitted in urban areas by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, constitutes a major public health problem. In late 2013, CHIKV emerged on Saint-Martin Island in the Caribbean and spread throughout the region reaching more than 40 countries. Thus far, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have been implicated as the sole vector in the outbreaks, leading to the hypothesis that CHIKV spread could be limited only to regions where this mosquito species is dominant.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We determined the ability of local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the Americas and Europe to transmit the CHIKV strain of the Asian genotype isolated from Saint-Martin Island (CHIKV_SM) during the recent epidemic, and an East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype CHIKV strain isolated from La Réunion Island (CHIKV_LR) as a well-characterized control virus. We also evaluated the effect of temperature on transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus. We found that (i) Aedes aegypti from Saint-Martin Island transmit CHIKV_SM and CHIKV_LR with similar efficiency, (ii) Ae. aegypti from the Americas display similar transmission efficiency for CHIKV_SM, (iii) American and European populations of the alternative vector species Ae. albopictus were as competent as Ae. aegypti populations with respect to transmission of CHIKV_SM and (iv) exposure of European Ae. albopictus to low temperatures (20°C) significantly reduced the transmission potential for CHIKV_SM.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: CHIKV strains belonging to the ECSA genotype could also have initiated local transmission in the new world. Additionally, the ongoing CHIKV outbreak in the Americas could potentially spread throughout Ae. aegypti- and Ae. albopictus-infested regions of the Americas with possible imported cases of CHIKV to Ae. albopictus-infested regions in Europe. Colder temperatures may decrease the local transmission of CHIKV_SM by European Ae. albopictus, potentially explaining the lack of autochthonous transmission of CHIKV_SM in Europe despite the hundreds of imported CHIKV cases returning from the Caribbean.
背景
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）主要由埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊在城市地区传播，构成了一个重大的公共卫生问题。2013年末，CHIKV在加勒比地区的圣马丁岛出现，并蔓延至整个区域，波及40多个国家。迄今为止，埃及伊蚊被认为是疫情爆发的唯一传播媒介，这导致了一种假设，即CHIKV的传播可能仅限于这种蚊种占主导的地区。
方法/主要发现：我们测定了来自美洲和欧洲的当地埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊种群传播从圣马丁岛分离出的亚洲基因型CHIKV毒株（CHIKV_SM）的能力，该毒株是在近期疫情期间分离得到的，同时还测定了它们传播从留尼汪岛分离出的东中非-南非（ECSA）基因型CHIKV毒株（CHIKV_LR）的能力，CHIKV_LR作为一种特征明确的对照病毒。我们还评估了温度对欧洲白纹伊蚊传播CHIKV_SM的影响。我们发现：（i）来自圣马丁岛的埃及伊蚊传播CHIKV_SM和CHIKV_LR的效率相似；（ii）来自美洲的埃及伊蚊对CHIKV_SM的传播效率相似；（iii）替代传播媒介白纹伊蚊在美洲和欧洲的种群在传播CHIKV_SM方面与埃及伊蚊种群能力相当；（iv）欧洲白纹伊蚊暴露于低温（20°C）会显著降低其传播CHIKV_SM的潜力。
结论/意义：属于ECSA基因型的CHIKV毒株也可能在新世界引发了本地传播。此外，美洲正在爆发的CHIKV疫情可能会在美洲埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊滋生的地区蔓延，并可能有CHIKV输入病例进入欧洲白纹伊蚊滋生的地区。较低的温度可能会降低欧洲白纹伊蚊对CHIKV_SM的本地传播，这可能解释了尽管有数百例从加勒比地区返回的CHIKV输入病例，但CHIKV_SM在欧洲仍缺乏本地传播的原因。
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