Kovachy Tim, Hogan Jason M, Sugarbaker Alex, Dickerson Susannah M, Donnelly Christine A, Overstreet Chris, Kasevich Mark A
Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Apr 10;114(14):143004. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.143004. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
Using a matter wave lens and a long time of flight, we cool an ensemble of ^{87}Rb atoms in two dimensions to an effective temperature of less than 50_{-30}^{+50} pK. A short pulse of red-detuned light generates an optical dipole force that collimates the ensemble. We also report a three-dimensional magnetic lens that substantially reduces the chemical potential of evaporatively cooled ensembles with a high atom number. By observing such low temperatures, we set limits on proposed modifications to quantum mechanics in the macroscopic regime. These cooling techniques yield bright, collimated sources for precision atom interferometry.
利用物质波透镜和长时间飞行，我们将二维的(^{87}Rb)原子系综冷却至有效温度低于(50_{-30}^{+50}) 皮开尔文。一束失谐红光短脉冲产生光学偶极力，使该系综准直。我们还报告了一种三维磁透镜，它能大幅降低具有高原子数的蒸发冷却系综的化学势。通过观测如此低的温度，我们对宏观尺度下量子力学的修正提议设定了限制。这些冷却技术为精密原子干涉测量提供了明亮、准直的源。
