Kobayashi Satomi, Asakura Keiko, Suga Hitomi, Sasaki Satoshi
Integrated Health Risk Assessment Section, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Appetite. 2015 Aug;91:287-97. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.059. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
We examined the cohabitational effect of the grandparents on dietary intakes among young Japanese women and their mothers, using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 35 of 47 prefectures in Japan. Among a total of 2032 three-generation families, 1336 female dietetic students (18-20 years), 1336 of their mothers (36-59 years), and 1560 of their paternal or maternal grandmothers (59-94 years) were included. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed with self-administered diet history questionnaires. The prevalence of students and their mothers living with the grandparents (GP) was 36%. Students living with GP had a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, total dietary fiber, β-carotene, vitamin C and potassium and lower intake of meats than those living without GP. For mothers, fish and shellfish and vitamin C intakes were higher and meat intake was lower among participants living with GP. The median correlation coefficients of food and nutrient intakes in the students-grandmothers living together was higher than in those living apart for both paternal grandmothers (PGM) and maternal grandmothers (MGM) (all P <0.01). The median values of mothers-PGM living together were also significantly higher than in those living apart (P <0.01). However, the values of mothers-MGM did not significantly differ between those living with and without MGM. These results may suggest that family members who live together tend to share similar dietary habits. Further, the mother's dietary habits might affect those of their children even after they live apart.
我们利用在日本47个都道府县中的35个进行的一项横断面多中心研究的数据，调查了祖父母共同居住对日本年轻女性及其母亲饮食摄入的影响。在总共2032个三代家庭中，纳入了1336名女性营养学专业学生（18 - 20岁）、她们的1336名母亲（36 - 59岁）以及1560名祖母或外祖母（59 - 94岁）。通过自我填写的饮食史问卷评估食物和营养素的摄入量。与祖父母共同居住的学生及其母亲的比例为36%。与未与祖父母共同居住的学生相比，与祖父母共同居住的学生水果、蔬菜、总膳食纤维、β - 胡萝卜素、维生素C和钾的摄入量更高，肉类摄入量更低。对于母亲而言，与祖父母共同居住的参与者鱼类和贝类以及维生素C的摄入量更高，肉类摄入量更低。对于祖孙共同居住的情况，无论是祖父（PGM）还是祖母（MGM），共同居住的学生与祖母之间食物和营养素摄入量的中位数相关系数高于分开居住的情况（所有P < 0.01）。母亲与PGM共同居住时的中位数相关系数也显著高于分开居住的情况（P < 0.01）。然而，母亲与MGM共同居住和不共同居住的情况之间，相关系数值没有显著差异。这些结果可能表明，共同居住的家庭成员往往有相似的饮食习惯。此外，母亲的饮食习惯即使在她们分开居住后可能仍会影响其子女的饮食习惯。
