Lilje Jonathan, Kessely Hamit, Mosler Hans-Joachim
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Centre de Support en Santé Internationale (CSSI), N'Djamena, Chad
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Centre de Support en Santé Internationale (CSSI), N'Djamena, Chad.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jul;93(1):57-65. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0613. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Cholera is a well-known and feared disease in developing countries, and is linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Contaminated drinking water and the lack of sufficient treatment are two of the key causes of high transmission rates. This article presents a representative health survey performed in Chad to inform future intervention strategies in the prevention and control of cholera. To identify critical psychological factors for behavior change, structured household interviews were administered to N = 1,017 primary caregivers, assessing their thoughts and attitudes toward household water treatment according to the Risk, Attitude, Norm, Ability, and Self-regulation model. The intervention potential for each factor was estimated by analyzing differences in means between groups of current performers and nonperformers of water treatment. Personal risk evaluation for diarrheal diseases and particularly for cholera was very low among the study population. Likewise, the perception of social norms was found to be rather unfavorable for water treatment behaviors. In addition, self-reported ability estimates (self-efficacy) revealed some potential for intervention. A mass radio campaign is proposed, using information and normative behavior change techniques, in combination with community meetings focused on targeting abilities and personal commitment to water treatment.
霍乱在发展中国家是一种广为人知且令人恐惧的疾病，与高发病率和死亡率相关。受污染的饮用水以及缺乏足够的治疗是高传播率的两个关键原因。本文介绍了在乍得进行的一项具有代表性的健康调查，为未来霍乱预防和控制的干预策略提供依据。为了确定行为改变的关键心理因素，对1017名主要照料者进行了结构化的家庭访谈，根据风险、态度、规范、能力和自我调节模型评估他们对家庭水处理的想法和态度。通过分析当前进行水处理者和未进行水处理者群体之间的均值差异，估计了每个因素的干预潜力。在研究人群中，对腹泻疾病尤其是霍乱的个人风险评估非常低。同样，发现社会规范认知对水处理行为相当不利。此外，自我报告的能力估计（自我效能感）显示出一些干预潜力。建议开展一场大规模的广播宣传活动，运用信息和规范行为改变技巧，并结合以水处理能力和个人承诺为目标的社区会议。
