Banjara Megha R, Kroeger Axel, Huda Mamun M, Kumar Vijay, Gurung Chitra K, Das Murari L, Rijal Suman, Das Pradeep, Mondal Dinesh
Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
University Medical Centre Freiburg, Centre for Medicine and Society, Freiburg, Germany Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jun;109(6):408-15. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trv031. Epub 2015 Apr 26.
We assessed the feasibility and results of active case detection (ACD) of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and other febrile diseases as well as of bednet impregnation for vector control.
Fever camps were organized and analyzed in twelve VL endemic villages in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. VL, PKDL, tuberculosis, malaria and leprosy were screened among the febrile patients attending the camps, and existing bednets were impregnated with a slow release insecticide.
Among the camp attendees one new VL case and two PKDL cases were detected in Bangladesh and one VL case in Nepal. Among suspected tuberculosis cases two were positive in India but none in the other countries. In India, two leprosy cases were found. No malaria cases were detected. Bednet impregnation coverage during fever camps was more than 80% in the three countries. Bednet impregnation led to a reduction of sandfly densities after 2 weeks by 86% and 32%, and after 4 weeks by 95% and 12% in India and Nepal respectively. The additional costs for the control programmes seem to be reasonable.
It is feasible to combine ACD camps for VL and PKDL along with other febrile diseases, and vector control with bednet impregnation.
我们评估了内脏利什曼病（VL）、黑热病后皮肤利什曼病（PKDL）及其他发热性疾病主动病例检测（ACD）以及用杀虫剂浸泡蚊帐进行病媒控制的可行性和效果。
在孟加拉国、印度和尼泊尔的12个VL流行村庄组织并分析了发热营地。在前往营地的发热患者中筛查了VL、PKDL、结核病、疟疾和麻风病，并给现有的蚊帐浸泡缓释杀虫剂。
在营地参与者中，在孟加拉国发现了1例新的VL病例和2例PKDL病例，在尼泊尔发现了1例VL病例。在疑似结核病病例中，印度有2例呈阳性，其他国家则无。在印度发现了2例麻风病病例。未检测到疟疾病例。在这三个国家，发热营地期间蚊帐浸泡覆盖率超过80%。在印度和尼泊尔，蚊帐浸泡分别在2周后使白蛉密度降低了86%和32%，在4周后降低了95%和12%。控制项目的额外成本似乎是合理的。
将VL和PKDL的ACD营地与其他发热性疾病以及用蚊帐浸泡进行病媒控制相结合是可行的。
