Department of Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology, University of Salerno, Italy.
Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London; The Rayne Institute, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.
United European Gastroenterol J. 2015 Apr;3(2):121-35. doi: 10.1177/2050640614559263.
A gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only available therapy for coeliac disease (CD).
We aim to review the literature on the GFD, the gluten content in naturally gluten-free (GF) and commercially available GF food, standards and legislation concerning the gluten content of foods, and the vitamins and mineral content of a GFD.
We carried out a PubMed search for the following terms: Gluten, GFD and food, education, vitamins, minerals, calcium, Codex wheat starch and oats. Relevant papers were reviewed and for each topic a consensus among the authors was obtained.
Patients with CD should avoid gluten and maintain a balanced diet to ensure an adequate intake of nutrients, vitamins, fibre and calcium. A GFD improves symptoms in most patients with CD. The practicalities of this however, are difficult, as (i) many processed foods are contaminated with gluten, (ii) staple GF foods are not widely available, and (iii) the GF substitutes are often expensive. Furthermore, (iv) the restrictions of the diet may adversely affect social interactions and quality of life. The inclusion of oats and wheat starch in the diet remains controversial.
目前， gluten-free diet（无麸质饮食，GFD）是治疗 coeliac disease（乳糜泻，CD）的唯一方法。
我们旨在综述 GFD、天然无麸质（GF）和市售 GF 食品中的 gluten 含量、食品 gluten 含量的标准和法规，以及 GFD 中的维生素和矿物质含量。
我们在 PubMed 上搜索了以下术语：Gluten、GFD 和 food、education、vitamins、minerals、calcium、Codex wheat starch 和 oats。对相关文献进行了综述，并就每个主题达成了作者之间的共识。
CD 患者应避免 gluten 并保持均衡饮食，以确保摄入足够的营养、维生素、纤维和钙。GFD 可改善大多数 CD 患者的症状。然而，这在实践中是困难的，因为（i）许多加工食品都受到 gluten 的污染，（ii）主食 GF 食品并不广泛供应，（iii）GF 替代品往往很昂贵。此外，（iv）饮食的限制可能会对社交互动和生活质量产生不利影响。在饮食中包含燕麦和小麦淀粉仍然存在争议。
