Gabr Ahmed M M, Fayek Nesrin M, Mahmoud Hossam M, El-Bahr Mohamed K, Ebrahim Hanan S, Sytar Oksana, El-Halawany Ali M
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
ACS Omega. 2022 Jul 22;7(30):26566-26572. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02728. eCollection 2022 Aug 2.
Common buckwheat ( Moench) seeds are important nutritious grains that are widely spread in several human food products and livestock feed. Their health benefits are mainly due to their bioactive phenolic compounds, especially rutin and quercetin, which have a positive impact on heart health, weight loss, and diabetes management. In this study, we evaluated different media and light treatments for the cultures of common buckwheat (CB) in order to find the most optimum one producing the highest yield with the highest purity of these compounds. The subcultured treated samples included in this study were shoots, leaves, stems, hairy roots, and calli. From the several treated samples and under different light stress conditions, the best production was achieved by growing the shoots of common buckwheat in hormone-free media containing activated charcoal and exposing to blue light, attaining 4.3 mg and 7.0 mg/g of extracts of rutin and quercetin, respectively, compared to 3.7 mg of rutin/g of extract and traces of quercetin in the seeds of CB. Continuous multiplication of CB shoots in the media containing charcoal and different concentrations of kinetin produced an extract with 161 mg/g of rutin and 26 mg/g of quercetin with an almost 20-fold increase in rutin content. The rutin content under these conditions reached up to 16% w/w of the extract. The hairy root cultures of the leaves exposed to red light showed a significantly high yield of quercetin attaining 10 mg/g of extract. Large-scale production of CB shootlets under the best conditions were carried out, which enabled the isolation of pure quercetin and rutin using a simple chromatographic procedure. The identity and purity of the isolated compounds were confirmed through NMR and HPLC analyses.
普通荞麦（蓼科）种子是重要的营养谷物，广泛应用于多种人类食品和牲畜饲料中。它们对健康有益主要归功于其生物活性酚类化合物，尤其是芦丁和槲皮素，这些化合物对心脏健康、减肥和糖尿病管理有积极影响。在本研究中，我们评估了不同培养基和光照处理对普通荞麦（CB）培养的影响，以找到能产生最高产量且这些化合物纯度最高的最佳条件。本研究中包含的继代培养处理样本有芽、叶、茎、毛状根和愈伤组织。在不同光照胁迫条件下，从多个处理样本中发现，在含有活性炭的无激素培养基中培养普通荞麦的芽并暴露于蓝光下，产量最高，芦丁提取物达到4.3 mg/g，槲皮素提取物达到7.0 mg/g，相比之下，普通荞麦种子中芦丁提取物为3.7 mg/g，槲皮素含量极少。在含有活性炭和不同浓度激动素的培养基中，普通荞麦芽的持续增殖产生了一种提取物，其中芦丁含量为161 mg/g，槲皮素含量为26 mg/g，芦丁含量几乎增加了20倍。在这些条件下，芦丁含量达到提取物的16% w/w。暴露于红光下的叶片毛状根培养物中，槲皮素产量显著较高，达到10 mg/g提取物。在最佳条件下进行了普通荞麦嫩枝的大规模生产，这使得通过简单的色谱程序就能分离出纯槲皮素和芦丁。通过核磁共振（NMR）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析确认了分离化合物的身份和纯度。
