Lindner Isabel, Henkel Linda A
Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, 34127, Kassel, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2015 Dec;22(6):1791-7. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0837-0.
Creating a mental image of one's own performance, observing someone else performing an action, and viewing a photograph of a completed action all can lead to the illusory recollection that one has performed this action. While there are fundamental differences in the nature of these three processes, they are aligned by the fact that they involve primarily or solely the visual modality. According to the source-monitoring framework, the corresponding visual memory traces later can be mistakenly attributed to self-performance. However, when people perform actions, they do not only engage vision, but also other modalities, such as auditory and tactile systems. The present study focused on the role of audition in the creation of false beliefs about performing an action and explored whether auditory cues alone-in the absence of any visual cues-can induce false beliefs and memories for actions. After performing a series of simple actions, participants listened to the sound of someone performing various actions, watched someone perform the actions, or simultaneously both heard and saw someone perform them. Some of these actions had been performed earlier by the participants and others were new. A later source-memory test revealed that all three types of processing (hearing, seeing, or hearing plus seeing someone perform the actions) led to comparable increases in false claims of having performed actions oneself. The potential mechanisms underlying false action-memories from sound and vision are discussed.
在脑海中构建自己表现的心理意象、观察他人执行某个动作以及观看已完成动作的照片，所有这些都可能导致产生自己已经执行过这个动作的虚幻回忆。虽然这三个过程在本质上存在根本差异，但它们的共同点在于主要或仅仅涉及视觉模态。根据源监测框架，相应的视觉记忆痕迹随后可能会被错误地归因于自我表现。然而，当人们执行动作时，他们不仅运用视觉，还涉及其他模态，如听觉和触觉系统。本研究聚焦于听觉在产生关于执行动作的错误信念中的作用，并探讨仅听觉线索（在没有任何视觉线索的情况下）是否能引发关于动作的错误信念和记忆。在执行一系列简单动作后，参与者听某人执行各种动作的声音、观看某人执行这些动作，或者同时既听又看某人执行动作。其中一些动作是参与者之前执行过的，其他则是新的。随后的源记忆测试表明，所有三种处理方式（听、看或听加看某人执行动作）都会导致自称自己执行过动作的错误声称有类似程度的增加。文中讨论了来自声音和视觉的错误动作记忆背后的潜在机制。
