Rivollat Maïté, Mendisco Fanny, Pemonge Marie-Hélène, Safi Audrey, Saint-Marc Didier, Brémond Antoine, Couture-Veschambre Christine, Rottier Stéphane, Deguilloux Marie-France
De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie-UMR 5199, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 30;10(4):e0125521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125521. eCollection 2015.
An intense debate concerning the nature and mode of Neolithic transition in Europe has long received much attention. Recent publications of paleogenetic analyses focusing on ancient European farmers from Central Europe or the Iberian Peninsula have greatly contributed to this debate, providing arguments in favor of major migrations accompanying European Neolithization and highlighting noticeable genetic differentiation between farmers associated with two archaeologically defined migration routes: the Danube valley and the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of the present study was to fill a gap with the first paleogenetic data of Neolithic settlers from a region (France) where the two great currents came into both direct and indirect contact with each other. To this end, we analyzed the Gurgy 'Les Noisats' group, an Early/Middle Neolithic necropolis in the southern part of the Paris Basin. Interestingly, the archaeological record from this region highlighted a clear cultural influence from the Danubian cultural sphere but also notes exchanges with the Mediterranean cultural area. To unravel the processes implied in these cultural exchanges, we analyzed 102 individuals and obtained the largest Neolithic mitochondrial gene pool so far (39 HVS-I mitochondrial sequences and haplogroups for 55 individuals) from a single archaeological site from the Early/Middle Neolithic period. Pairwise FST values, haplogroup frequencies and shared informative haplotypes were calculated and compared with ancient and modern European and Near Eastern populations. These descriptive analyses provided patterns resulting from different evolutionary scenarios; however, the archaeological data available for the region suggest that the Gurgy group was formed through equivalent genetic contributions of farmer descendants from the Danubian and Mediterranean Neolithization waves. However, these results, that would constitute the most ancient genetic evidence of admixture between farmers from both Central and Mediterranean migration routes in the European Neolithization debate, are subject to confirmation through appropriate model-based approaches.
长期以来，一场关于欧洲新石器时代过渡的性质和方式的激烈辩论备受关注。最近发表的关于中欧或伊比利亚半岛古代欧洲农民的古基因分析，为这场辩论做出了巨大贡献，支持了伴随欧洲新石器化的大规模移民的观点，并突出了与两条考古学定义的移民路线（多瑙河谷和地中海）相关的农民之间显著的基因差异。本研究的目的是通过来自一个地区（法国）的新石器时代定居者的首批古基因数据来填补空白，在该地区，这两大潮流直接或间接地相互接触。为此，我们分析了位于巴黎盆地南部的古尔吉“莱斯诺伊萨特”新石器时代早期/中期墓地群体。有趣的是，该地区的考古记录突出了多瑙河文化圈明显的文化影响，但也记录了与地中海文化区的交流。为了解开这些文化交流中隐含的过程，我们分析了102个人，并从新石器时代早期/中期的一个考古遗址获得了迄今为止最大的新石器时代线粒体基因库（55个人的39个HVS-I线粒体序列和单倍群）。计算了成对FST值、单倍群频率和共享信息单倍型，并与古代和现代欧洲及近东人群进行比较。这些描述性分析提供了不同进化场景产生的模式；然而，该地区现有的考古数据表明，古尔吉群体是由多瑙河和地中海新石器化浪潮中农民后代的同等基因贡献形成的。然而，这些结果将构成欧洲新石器化辩论中来自中欧和地中海移民路线的农民之间混合的最古老基因证据，有待通过适当的基于模型的方法进行确认。
