Rivollat Maïté, Réveillas Hélène, Mendisco Fanny, Pemonge Marie-Hélène, Justeau Pierre, Couture Christine, Lefranc Philippe, Féliu Clément, Deguilloux Marie-France
De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie - UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, Pessac Cedex, 33615, France.
Centre d'Archéologie Préventive de Bordeaux Métropole, direction des Bâtiments et Moyens, Esplanade Charles-de-Gaulle, Bordeaux Cedex, 33 076, France.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2016 Nov;161(3):522-529. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23055. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
The arrival of Neolithic farmers in Europe was the source of major cultural and genetic transitions. Neolithic settlers brought a new set of maternal lineages (mitochondrial DNA), recently well-characterized on the continental road, from the Balkans to West Germany (Rhine River). In the present study, the first mitochondrial DNA data from groups associated with this continental expansion wave located west of the Rhine River has been provided and their genetic affinities with contemporary groups have been discussed.
The mitochondrial DNA analysis of 27 human remains originating from Obernai (5,000-4,400 cal. BC), a necropolis located in French Alsace Region and attributed to Grossgartach, Planig-Friedberg, and Roessen cultures was conducted.
Among the 27 individuals studied, 15 HVR-I sequences and 17 mitochondrial haplogroups could be determined. The analysis of the Obernai gene pool clearly confirmed the genetic homogeneity of Linearbandkeramik (LBK) groups on both sides of the Rhine River. Notably, one N1a sequence found in Obernai is shared with LBK farmers from Central Europe, including one individual from the Flomborn site located approximately 200 km north-east of Obernai. On the whole, data gathered so far showed major genetic influence of the Danubian wave from Transdanubia to Atlantic French Coast, going by Alsace Region. However, the genetic influence of descendants from the Mediterranean Neolithic expansion and the significant hunter-gatherer admixture detected further west in the Paris Basin were not perceived in the Obernai necropolis.
Genetic homogeneity and continuity within LBK groups can be proposed on both sides of the Rhine River for the middle Neolithic groups. Nevertheless, mitochondrial data gathered so far for Neolithic groups from the entire extant French Territory clearly point out the complexity and the variability of Neolithic communities interactions that is worthy of further investigation.
新石器时代农民抵达欧洲是重大文化和基因转变的源头。新石器时代的定居者带来了一组新的母系谱系（线粒体DNA），最近在从巴尔干半岛到德国西部（莱茵河）的大陆通道上得到了很好的描述。在本研究中，提供了来自莱茵河以西与这一大陆扩张浪潮相关群体的首批线粒体DNA数据，并讨论了它们与当代群体的基因亲缘关系。
对来自奥伯奈（公元前5000 - 4400年）的27具人类遗骸进行了线粒体DNA分析，奥伯奈是位于法国阿尔萨斯地区的一座墓地，属于格罗斯加塔赫、普拉尼格 - 弗里德贝格和罗森文化。
在研究的27个人体中，确定了15个高变区I（HVR - I）序列和17个线粒体单倍群。对奥伯奈基因库的分析清楚地证实了莱茵河两岸线性带纹陶（LBK）群体的基因同质性。值得注意的是，在奥伯奈发现的一个N1a序列与来自中欧的LBK农民共享，包括一名来自位于奥伯奈东北约200公里处的弗洛姆博恩遗址的个体。总体而言，目前收集到的数据表明，从多瑙河地区经阿尔萨斯地区到法国大西洋海岸，多瑙河浪潮具有重大的基因影响。然而，在奥伯奈墓地未察觉到地中海新石器时代扩张后裔的基因影响以及在巴黎盆地更西部检测到的显著的狩猎采集者混合基因。
对于新石器时代中期群体，可提出莱茵河两岸LBK群体内部存在基因同质性和连续性。然而，目前从整个法国现有领土收集到的新石器时代群体的线粒体数据清楚地指出了新石器时代社区互动的复杂性和变异性，值得进一步研究。
