Amy Jacob, Johanesen Priscilla, Lyras Dena
Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Plasmid. 2015 Jul;80:97-110. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.04.006. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen, causing gastrointestinal disease in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. This bacterium contains many extrachromosomal and integrated genetic elements, with recent genomic work giving new insights into their variability and distribution. This review summarises research conducted in this area over the last 30 years and includes a discussion on the functional contributions of these elements to host cell phenotypes, as well as encompassing recent genome sequencing studies that have contributed to our understanding of their evolution and dissemination. Importantly, we also include a review of antibiotic resistance determinants associated with mobile genetic elements since antibiotic use and the spread of antibiotic resistance are currently of significant global clinical importance.
艰难梭菌是一种主要的医院病原体，可在接受抗生素治疗的患者中引起胃肠道疾病。这种细菌含有许多染色体外和整合的遗传元件，最近的基因组研究为它们的变异性和分布提供了新的见解。本综述总结了过去30年在该领域进行的研究，包括讨论这些元件对宿主细胞表型的功能贡献，以及涵盖有助于我们理解其进化和传播的近期基因组测序研究。重要的是，我们还包括对抗生素抗性决定因素与可移动遗传元件相关的综述，因为抗生素的使用和抗生素抗性的传播目前在全球临床中具有重要意义。
