Shah Karan M, Wilkinson Jeremy Mark, Gartland Alison
Department of Human Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom.
J Orthop Res. 2015 Nov;33(11):1663-70. doi: 10.1002/jor.22932. Epub 2015 May 18.
Cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ions and nanoparticles equivalent to those released through tribo-corrosion of prosthetic metal-on-metal (MOM) bearings and taper junctions are detrimental to osteoblast activity and function in vitro when examined as individual species. Here we examined the effects of Co(2+):Cr(3+) and Co(2+):Cr(6+) combinations on osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cellular activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization to better reflect clinical exposure conditions in vivo. We also assessed the effect of Co(2+):Cr(3+) combinations and Co:Cr nanoparticles on SaOS-2 cell osteogenic responses on grit-blasted, plasma-sprayed titanium-coated, and hydroxyapatite-coated prosthesis surfaces. Cellular activity and ALP activity were reduced to a greater extent with combination treatments compared to individual ions. Co(2+) and Cr(3+) interacted additively and synergistically to reduce cellular activity and ALP activity, respectively, while the Co(2+) with Cr(6+) combination was dominated by the effect of Cr(6+) alone. Mineralization by osteoblasts was greater on hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces compared to grit-blasted and plasma-sprayed titanium-coated surfaces. Treatments with Co(2+):Cr(3+) ions and Co:Cr nanoparticles reduced the percentage mineralization on all surfaces, with hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces having the least reduction. In conclusion, our data suggests that previous studies investigating individual metal ions underestimate their potential clinical effects on osteoblast activity. Furthermore, the data suggests that hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces may modulate osteoblast responses to metal debris.
钴（Co）和铬（Cr）离子以及与通过金属对金属（MOM）假体轴承和锥形连接处的摩擦腐蚀释放的纳米颗粒相当的物质，在作为单个物种进行体外研究时，对成骨细胞的活性和功能有害。在这里，我们研究了Co(2+):Cr(3+)和Co(2+):Cr(6+)组合对成骨样SaOS-2细胞活性、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和矿化的影响，以更好地反映体内的临床暴露情况。我们还评估了Co(2+):Cr(3+)组合和Co:Cr纳米颗粒对喷砂、等离子喷涂钛涂层和羟基磷灰石涂层假体表面上SaOS-2细胞成骨反应的影响。与单个离子相比，联合处理使细胞活性和ALP活性降低的程度更大。Co(2+)和Cr(3+)分别以相加和协同的方式相互作用，以降低细胞活性和ALP活性，而Co(2+)与Cr(6+)的组合主要受单独的Cr(6+)的影响。与喷砂和等离子喷涂钛涂层表面相比，成骨细胞在羟基磷灰石涂层表面的矿化作用更大。用Co(2+):Cr(3+)离子和Co:Cr纳米颗粒处理降低了所有表面的矿化百分比，其中羟基磷灰石涂层表面的降低最少。总之，我们的数据表明以前研究单个金属离子的研究低估了它们对成骨细胞活性的潜在临床影响。此外，数据表明羟基磷灰石涂层表面可能调节成骨细胞对金属碎屑的反应。
