Tomlinson Ben, Lin Tzu-yin, Dall'Era Marc, Pan Chong-Xian
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2015;10(7):1189-201. doi: 10.2217/nnm.14.212.
Nanotechnology is being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of both nonmyoinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and invasive bladder cancer. The diagnostic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC mainly focus on tumor identification during endoscopy to increase complete resection of bladder cancer while nanotechnology to capture malignant cells or their components continues to be developed. The therapeutic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC are to reformulate biological and cytotoxic agents for intravesical instillation, combine both diagnostic and therapeutic application in one nanoformulation. In invasive and advanced bladder cancer, magnetic resonance imaging with supraparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can improve the sensitivity and specificity in detecting small metastasis to lymph nodes. Nanoformulation of cytotoxic agents can potentially decrease the toxicity while increasing efficacy.
纳米技术正在被开发用于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）和浸润性膀胱癌的诊断与治疗。纳米技术在NMIBC中的诊断应用主要集中在内窥镜检查期间的肿瘤识别，以提高膀胱癌的完全切除率，同时捕获恶性细胞或其成分的纳米技术也在不断发展。纳米技术在NMIBC中的治疗应用是重新配制用于膀胱内灌注的生物制剂和细胞毒性药物，将诊断和治疗应用结合在一种纳米制剂中。在浸润性和晚期膀胱癌中，使用超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒的磁共振成像可以提高检测小淋巴结转移的灵敏度和特异性。细胞毒性药物的纳米制剂可能会降低毒性，同时提高疗效。
