Bergel Salvador Darío
UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, University of Buenos Aires, Florida 537, 18th Floor, C1005AAK, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
J Community Genet. 2015 Jul;6(3):321-7. doi: 10.1007/s12687-015-0228-2. Epub 2015 May 1.
The patenting of human genes has generated considerable controversy, both in the doctrinal field and in the legal and administrative. In the core countries, particularly the USA and the European Union, a favourable criterion to patentability has been increasing, contrasting with the criteria adopted by Latin American countries, which almost unanimously banned the patentability of genes and gene sequences. This issue not only has legal connotations, but also ethical issues come into play. Particularly in the USA, the recent decision of the Supreme Court in the Myriad case is part of a pro-patent movement, even when its superficial reading seems to be oriented in the opposite direction. In the European Union, the criterion that favours human intervention, whatever its gravitation in the results, tips the balance in favour of patentability.
人类基因专利问题在理论领域以及法律和行政领域都引发了相当大的争议。在核心国家，尤其是美国和欧盟，对可专利性的支持标准一直在提高，这与拉丁美洲国家采用的标准形成对比，拉丁美洲国家几乎一致禁止对基因和基因序列授予专利。这个问题不仅具有法律内涵，还涉及伦理问题。特别是在美国，最高法院最近在“万律公司案”中的裁决是支持专利运动的一部分，即便从表面解读来看它似乎指向相反方向。在欧盟，支持人为干预的标准，无论其对结果的影响程度如何，都使天平倾向于支持可专利性。
