Bonifacio Alois, Cervo Silvia, Sergo Valter
Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6a, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy.
CRO-Biobank, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015 Nov;407(27):8265-77. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8697-z. Epub 2015 May 3.
In clinical practice, one objective is to obtain diagnostic information while minimizing the invasiveness of the tests and the pain for the patients. To this end, tests based on the interaction of light with readily available biofluids including blood, urine, or saliva are highly desirable. In this review we examine the state of the art regarding the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to investigate biofluids, focusing on diagnostic applications. First, a critical evaluation of the experimental aspects involved in the collection of SERS spectra is presented; different substrate types are introduced, with a clear distinction between colloidal and non-colloidal metal nanostructures. Then the effect of the excitation wavelength is discussed, along with anomalous bands and artifacts which might affect SERS spectra of biofluids. The central part of the review examines the literature available on the SERS spectra of blood, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, tears, and semen. Finally, diagnostic applications are critically discussed in the context of the published evidence; this section clearly reveals that SERS of biofluids is most promising as a rapid, cheap, and non-invasive tool for mass screening for cancer.
在临床实践中，一个目标是在将检测的侵入性和患者的痛苦降至最低的同时获取诊断信息。为此，基于光与包括血液、尿液或唾液在内的易得生物流体相互作用的检测方法非常可取。在这篇综述中，我们研究了关于使用表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）来研究生物流体的最新进展，重点关注诊断应用。首先，对收集SERS光谱所涉及的实验方面进行了批判性评估；介绍了不同类型的底物，明确区分了胶体和非胶体金属纳米结构。然后讨论了激发波长的影响，以及可能影响生物流体SERS光谱的异常谱带和伪像。综述的核心部分研究了关于血液、血浆、血清、尿液、唾液、眼泪和精液的SERS光谱的现有文献。最后，在已发表证据的背景下对诊断应用进行了批判性讨论；这部分内容清楚地表明，生物流体的SERS作为一种用于癌症大规模筛查的快速、廉价且非侵入性的工具最具前景。
