Ratcliff Roger
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2015 Aug;77(6):2134-44. doi: 10.3758/s13414-015-0911-8.
An experiment is presented in which subjects were tested on both one-choice and two-choice driving tasks and on non-driving versions of them. Diffusion models for one- and two-choice tasks were successful in extracting model-based measures from the response time and accuracy data. These include measures of the quality of the information from the stimuli that drove the decision process (drift rate in the model), the time taken up by processes outside the decision process and, for the two-choice model, the speed/accuracy decision criteria that subjects set. Drift rates were only marginally different between the driving and non-driving tasks, indicating that nearly the same information was used in the two kinds of tasks. The tasks differed in the time taken up by other processes, reflecting the difference between them in response processing demands. Drift rates were significantly correlated across the two two-choice tasks showing that subjects that performed well on one task also performed well on the other task. Nondecision times were correlated across the two driving tasks, showing common abilities on motor processes across the two tasks. These results show the feasibility of using diffusion modeling to examine decision making in driving and so provide for a theoretical examination of factors that might impair driving, such as extreme aging, distraction, sleep deprivation, and so on.
本文介绍了一项实验，其中对受试者进行了单选项和双选项驾驶任务以及它们的非驾驶版本的测试。单选项和双选项任务的扩散模型成功地从反应时间和准确性数据中提取了基于模型的测量指标。这些指标包括驱动决策过程的刺激信息质量（模型中的漂移率）、决策过程之外的过程所占用的时间，以及对于双选项模型而言，受试者设定的速度/准确性决策标准。驾驶任务和非驾驶任务之间的漂移率仅有微小差异，表明在这两种任务中使用了几乎相同的信息。任务在其他过程所占用的时间上存在差异，这反映了它们在反应处理需求上的差异。两个双选项任务的漂移率显著相关，表明在一项任务中表现良好的受试者在另一项任务中也表现良好。非决策时间在两个驾驶任务之间相关，表明在这两个任务的运动过程中存在共同的能力。这些结果表明了使用扩散模型来研究驾驶决策的可行性，从而为可能损害驾驶的因素（如极端衰老、分心、睡眠剥夺等）提供了理论检验。
