Pulliam Lynn, Gupta Archana
1 Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
2 Systems Biosciences (SBI) , Mountain View, California.
DNA Cell Biol. 2015 Jul;34(7):459-63. doi: 10.1089/dna.2015.2884. Epub 2015 May 6.
Extracellular vesicles classified as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic bodies based on size are shed from most cells under normal as well as pathological conditions. They are released into the surrounding milieu, including plasma, urine, saliva, and tissues. Exosomes are highly enriched in microRNAs (miRs), which function in recipient cells by regulating posttranscriptional processing of targeted genes. Interaction of a miR with its mRNA target typically results in suppression of its gene expression. Peripheral inflammatory conditions can modulate miR expression in immune cells such as circulating monocytes that can influence their migration and differentiation. Changes within monocyte-derived macrophage miR expression can influence exosome content and further affect end-organ target cells.
基于大小分类为外泌体、微泡或凋亡小体的细胞外囊泡在正常及病理条件下从大多数细胞中脱落。它们被释放到周围环境中，包括血浆、尿液、唾液和组织。外泌体高度富集微小RNA（miR），这些微小RNA通过调节靶基因的转录后加工在受体细胞中发挥作用。miR与其mRNA靶标的相互作用通常导致其基因表达受到抑制。外周炎症状态可调节免疫细胞如循环单核细胞中的miR表达，这会影响它们的迁移和分化。单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞miR表达的变化可影响外泌体的内容物，并进一步影响终末器官靶细胞。
