Pavlovič Andrej, Saganová Michaela
Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Ann Bot. 2015 Jun;115(7):1075-92. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv050. Epub 2015 May 6.
The cost-benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory provides a conceptual framework for interpreting a wide range of comparative and experimental studies on carnivorous plants. This model assumes that the modified leaves called traps represent a significant cost for the plant, and this cost is outweighed by the benefits from increased nutrient uptake from prey, in terms of enhancing the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf mass or area (AN) in the microsites inhabited by carnivorous plants.
This review summarizes results from the classical interpretation of the cost-benefit model for evolution of botanical carnivory and highlights the costs and benefits of active trapping mechanisms, including water pumping, electrical signalling and accumulation of jasmonates. Novel alternative sequestration strategies (utilization of leaf litter and faeces) in carnivorous plants are also discussed in the context of the cost-benefit model.
Traps of carnivorous plants have lower AN than leaves, and the leaves have higher AN after feeding. Prey digestion, water pumping and electrical signalling represent a significant carbon cost (as an increased rate of respiration, RD) for carnivorous plants. On the other hand, jasmonate accumulation during the digestive period and reprogramming of gene expression from growth and photosynthesis to prey digestion optimizes enzyme production in comparison with constitutive secretion. This inducibility may have evolved as a cost-saving strategy beneficial for carnivorous plants. The similarities between plant defence mechanisms and botanical carnivory are highlighted.
食虫植物进化的成本效益模型为解释关于食虫植物的广泛比较研究和实验研究提供了一个概念框架。该模型假定，被称为捕虫器的变态叶对植物来说是一项重大成本，而在食虫植物栖息的微生境中，通过提高单位叶质量或叶面积的光合作用速率（光合能力），从猎物获取的额外养分所带来的益处超过了这一成本。
本综述总结了食虫植物进化成本效益模型的经典解释结果，并强调了主动捕虫机制的成本和效益，包括水泵作用、电信号传导和茉莉酸酯的积累。还在成本效益模型的背景下讨论了食虫植物新的替代螯合策略（利用落叶和粪便）。
食虫植物的捕虫器光合能力低于叶片，而在捕获猎物后叶片的光合能力会提高。猎物消化、水泵作用和电信号传导对食虫植物来说代表着显著的碳成本（表现为呼吸速率增加，即呼吸消耗）。另一方面，在消化期茉莉酸酯的积累以及基因表达从生长和光合作用到猎物消化的重新编程，与组成型分泌相比，优化了酶的产生。这种诱导性可能是作为一种对食虫植物有益的节省成本策略进化而来的。文中强调了植物防御机制和食虫植物之间的相似性。
