Ehrhart Mark G, Aarons Gregory A, Farahnak Lauren R
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Implement Sci. 2015 May 7;10:65. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0255-8.
In line with recent research on the role of the inner context of organizations in implementation effectiveness, this study extends research on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to the domain of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. OCB encompasses those behaviors that go beyond what is required for a given job that contribute to greater organizational effectiveness. The goal of this study was to develop and test a measure of implementation citizenship behavior (ICB) or those behaviors that employees perform that go above and beyond what is required in order to support EBP implementation.
The primary participants were 68 supervisors from ten mental health agencies throughout California. Items measuring ICB were developed based on past research on OCB and in consultation with experts on EBP implementation in mental health settings. Supervisors rated 357 of their subordinates on ICB and implementation success. In addition, 292 of the subordinates provided data on self-rated performance, attitudes towards EBPs, work experience, and full-time status. The supervisor sample was randomly split, with half used for exploratory factor analyses and the other half for confirmatory factor analyses. The entire sample of supervisors and subordinates was utilized for analyses assessing the reliability and construct validity of the measure.
Exploratory factor analyses supported the proposed two-factor structure of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale (ICBS): (1) Helping Others and (2) Keeping Informed. Confirmatory factor analyses with the other half of the sample supported the factor structure. Additional analyses supported the reliability and construct validity for the ICBS.
The ICBS is a pragmatic brief measure (six items) that captures critical behaviors employees perform to go above and beyond the call of duty to support EBP implementation, including helping their fellow employees on implementation-related activities and keeping informed about issues related to EBP and implementation efforts. The ICBS can be used by researchers to better understand the outcomes of improved organizational support for implementation (i.e., implementation climate) and the proximal predictors of implementation effectiveness. The ICBS can also provide insight for organizations, practitioners, and managers by focusing on key employee behaviors that should increase the probability of implementation success.
与近期关于组织内部环境在实施效果中作用的研究一致，本研究将组织公民行为（OCB）的研究扩展到循证实践（EBP）实施领域。OCB包括那些超出特定工作要求、有助于提高组织效能的行为。本研究的目的是开发并测试一种实施公民行为（ICB）的测量方法，即员工为支持EBP实施而表现出的超出要求的行为。
主要参与者是来自加利福尼亚州十个心理健康机构的68名主管。基于以往关于OCB的研究并与心理健康环境中EBP实施专家协商，开发了测量ICB的项目。主管对其357名下属的ICB和实施成功情况进行评分。此外，292名下属提供了自评绩效、对循证实践的态度、工作经验和全职状态的数据。主管样本被随机拆分，一半用于探索性因素分析，另一半用于验证性因素分析。主管和下属的整个样本用于评估该测量方法的信度和结构效度。
探索性因素分析支持了实施公民行为量表（ICBS）提议的两因素结构：（1）帮助他人和（2）了解情况。对另一半样本进行的验证性因素分析支持了该因素结构。其他分析支持了ICBS的信度和结构效度。
ICBS是一种实用的简短测量方法（六个项目），它捕捉了员工为支持EBP实施而超越职责要求所表现出的关键行为，包括在与实施相关的活动中帮助同事以及了解与EBP和实施工作相关的问题。研究人员可以使用ICBS更好地理解组织对实施的支持改善（即实施氛围）的结果以及实施效果的近端预测因素。ICBS还可以通过关注应能提高实施成功可能性的关键员工行为，为组织、从业者和管理者提供见解。
