Del Carpio-Perochena Aldo, Kishen Anil, Shrestha Annie, Bramante Clovis Monteiro
Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Endod. 2015 Aug;41(8):1353-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.020. Epub 2015 May 6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNps) to inactivate bacteria and prevent biofilm formation at sealer-dentin interfaces.
The study was divided into 3 stages: first stage, the experiment was conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties of CMCS in different formulations against biofilms; second stage, direct-contact and membrane-restricted methods were used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of an epoxy resin (ThermaSeal Plus; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) and calcium silicate (MTA Fillapex; Angelus SA, Londrina, PR, Brazil) based-sealers with or without CNps; and third stage, biofilm formation at the sealer dentin interfaces of root dentin treated with CMCS and filled with gutta-percha and CNp incorporated sealer were analyzed after 1- and 4-week aging periods. The samples were treated and filled as follows: (1) distilled water: unaltered sealer (control group), (2) CMCS: sealer+CNps (CMCS group), and (3) CMCS/rose bengal: sealer+CNps (CMCS/RB group). Enterococcus faecalis was used to infect all the samples. Microbiological and microscopic analyses were used to assess the antibacterial characteristics.
CMCS-based treatments effectively killed bacteria adherent on root dentin (P < .05). The addition of CNps to ThermaSeal enhanced its antibacterial ability by direct-contact and membrane-restricted tests (P < .05). The CNp incorporation significantly increased the antibacterial efficacy of root canal sealers even after a 4-week aging time (P < .05).
This study highlighted the ability of CMCS to disinfect root canal dentin and inhibit bacterial adhesion. CNps in root canal sealers are capable of maintaining their antibacterial activity even after prolonged aging.
本研究旨在评估羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CNps）在封闭剂 - 牙本质界面灭活细菌及预防生物膜形成的效果。
本研究分为三个阶段：第一阶段，进行实验分析不同配方的CMCS对生物膜的抗菌性能；第二阶段，采用直接接触法和膜限制法评估含或不含CNps的环氧树脂类封闭剂（ThermaSeal Plus；登士柏 Tulsa Dental，塔尔萨，俄克拉何马州）和硅酸钙类封闭剂（MTA Fillapex；安热卢斯公司，隆德里纳，巴拉那州，巴西）的抗菌性能；第三阶段，分析经CMCS处理并用牙胶充填以及含CNp封闭剂充填的根牙本质在1周和4周老化期后封闭剂 - 牙本质界面生物膜的形成情况。样本处理和充填方式如下：（1）蒸馏水：未改变的封闭剂（对照组），（2）CMCS：封闭剂 + CNps（CMCS组），（3）CMCS/孟加拉玫瑰红：封闭剂 + CNps（CMCS/RB组）。使用粪肠球菌感染所有样本。采用微生物学和显微镜分析评估抗菌特性。
基于CMCS的处理有效杀灭了附着在根牙本质上的细菌（P < 0.05）。通过直接接触法和膜限制法测试，向ThermaSeal中添加CNps增强了其抗菌能力（P < 0.05）。即使在4周老化时间后，CNp的加入仍显著提高了根管封闭剂的抗菌效果（P < 0.05）。
本研究强调了CMCS对根管牙本质消毒及抑制细菌黏附的能力。根管封闭剂中的CNps即使在长期老化后仍能保持其抗菌活性。
