一项关于钦奈、德里和卡拉奇烟草使用患病率及其相关因素的横断面研究：来自CARRS研究的数据。
A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi: data from the CARRS study.
作者信息
Berg Carla J, Ajay Vamadevan S, Ali Mohammed K, Kondal Dimple, Khan Hassan M, Shivashankar Roopa, Pradeepa Rajendra, Mohan Deepa, Fatmi Zafar, Kadir Muhammad M, Tandon Nikhil, Mohan Viswanathan, Narayan K M Venkat, Prabhakaran Dorairaj
机构信息
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2015 May 11;15:483. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1817-z.
BACKGROUND
Tobacco burdens in India and Pakistan require continued efforts to quantify tobacco use and its impacts. We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic and health-related correlates of tobacco use in Delhi, Chennai (India), and Karachi (Pakistan).
METHODS
Analysis of representative surveys of 11,260 participants (selected through multistage cluster random sampling; stratified by gender and age) in 2011 measured socio-demographics, tobacco use history, comorbid health conditions, and salivary cotinine. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine factors associated with tobacco use.
RESULTS
Overall, 51.8 % were females, and 61.6 % were below the age of 45 years. Lifetime (ever) tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 45.0 %, 41.3 %, and 42.5 % among males, and 7.6 %, 8.5 %, and 19.7 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. Past 6 month tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 38.6 %, 36.1 %, and 39.1 % among males, and 7.3 %, 7.1 %, and 18.6 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses, residing in Delhi or Karachi versus Chennai; older age; lower education; earning less income; lower BMI; were each associated with tobacco use in both sexes. In addition, semi-skilled occupation versus not working and alcohol use were associated with tobacco use in males, and having newly diagnosed dyslipidemia was associated with lower odds of tobacco use among females. Mean salivary cotinine levels were higher among tobacco users versus nonusers (235.4; CI: 187.0-283.8 vs. 29.7; CI: 4.2, 55.2, respectively).
CONCLUSION
High prevalence of tobacco use in the South Asian region, particularly among men, highlights the urgency to address this serious public health problem. Our analyses suggest targeted prevention and cessation interventions focused on lower socioeconomic groups may be particularly important.
背景
印度和巴基斯坦的烟草负担需要持续努力来量化烟草使用情况及其影响。我们调查了印度德里、钦奈以及巴基斯坦卡拉奇的烟草使用流行率及其社会人口统计学和健康相关的影响因素。
方法
对2011年11260名参与者（通过多阶段整群随机抽样选取；按性别和年龄分层）的代表性调查进行分析，测量社会人口统计学、烟草使用史、合并的健康状况以及唾液可替宁水平。我们使用双变量和多变量回归分析来研究与烟草使用相关的因素。
结果
总体而言，51.8%为女性，61.6%年龄在45岁以下。钦奈、德里和卡拉奇男性的终生（曾经）烟草使用流行率（根据世界人口标准化）分别为分别为45.0%、41.3%和42.5%，女性分别为7.6%、8.5%和19.7%。钦奈、德里和卡拉奇男性过去6个月的烟草使用流行率（根据世界人口标准化）分别为38.6%、36.1%和39.1%，女性分别为7.3%、7.1%和18.6%。在多变量回归分析中，居住在德里或卡拉奇而非钦奈；年龄较大；教育程度较低；收入较少；体重指数较低；这些因素在男女中均与烟草使用相关。此外，半熟练职业与无工作以及饮酒在男性中与烟草使用相关，而新诊断为血脂异常在女性中与较低的烟草使用几率相关。烟草使用者的平均唾液可替宁水平高于非使用者（分别为235.4；可信区间：187.0 - 283.8与29.7；可信区间：4.2，55.2）。
结论
南亚地区烟草使用流行率较高，尤其是在男性中，这凸显了解决这一严重公共卫生问题的紧迫性。我们的分析表明，针对社会经济地位较低群体的有针对性的预防和戒烟干预措施可能尤为重要。
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