Utsumi Takako, Lusida Maria I
Takako Utsumi, Maria I Lusida, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
World J Virol. 2015 May 12;4(2):96-104. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.96.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect many people in Asian countries, although there are geographic differences. Both HBV and HIV (HBV/HIV) and HCV/HIV co-infections are highly prevalent in Asia. Hetero- and homosexual, injection drug use, and geographic area are strong predictors of HBV, HCV, and HIV serostatus. In HBV endemic regions, the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV/HIV co-infection is almost comparable with that in the general population. In Japan, where HBV has low endemicity, the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection is approximately 10-fold higher than that in the general population, and HBV Ae is the most common subgenotype among HIV infected individuals. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Lamivudine, a component of HAART, is an effective treatment for HBV, HIV, and HBV/HIV co-infection; however, cost, emerging drug resistance, antiretroviral-associated liver toxicity and liver-related morbidity due to HCV progression are particular concerns. HCV/HIV co-infection may accelerate the clinical progression of both HCV and HIV. The high prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections in Asia underscores the need to improve prevention and control measures, as fewer evidence-based prevention strategies are available (compared with Western countries). In this review, the most recent publications on the prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections and related issues, such as therapy and problems in Asia, are updated and summarized.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在亚洲国家感染了许多人，尽管存在地理差异。HBV与HIV（HBV/HIV）以及HCV与HIV的合并感染在亚洲非常普遍。异性恋和同性恋、注射吸毒以及地理区域是HBV、HCV和HIV血清学状态的有力预测因素。在HBV流行地区，HBV/HIV合并感染的患病率和基因型分布与普通人群几乎相当。在HBV地方性较低的日本，HBV/HIV合并感染的患病率比普通人群高约10倍，且HBV Ae是HIV感染者中最常见的亚基因型。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）是治疗HIV/获得性免疫缺陷综合征的有效方法。HAART的组成部分拉米夫定是治疗HBV、HIV以及HBV/HIV合并感染的有效药物；然而，成本、新出现的耐药性、抗逆转录病毒相关的肝毒性以及由于HCV进展导致的肝脏相关发病率是特别需要关注的问题。HCV/HIV合并感染可能会加速HCV和HIV的临床进展。亚洲HBV/HIV和HCV/HIV合并感染的高患病率凸显了改进预防和控制措施的必要性，因为与西方国家相比，基于证据的预防策略较少。在本综述中，更新并总结了关于亚洲HBV/HIV和HCV/HIV合并感染患病率及相关问题（如治疗和问题）的最新出版物。
