Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
J Exp Bot. 2015 Sep;66(18):5403-16. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv219. Epub 2015 May 11.
Plants emit a great variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can actively participate in plant growth and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. VOC emissions are strongly dependent on environmental conditions; the greatest ambiguity is whether or not the predicted change in climate will influence and modify plant-pest interactions that are mediated by VOCs. The constitutive and induced emission patterns between plant genotypes, species, and taxa are highly variable and can be used as pheno(chemo)typic markers to distinguish between different origins and provenances. In recent years significant progress has been made in molecular and genetic plant breeding. However, there is actually a lack of knowledge in functionally linking genotypes and phenotypes, particularly in analyses of plant-environment interactions. Plant phenotyping, the assessment of complex plant traits such as growth, development, tolerance, resistance, etc., has become a major bottleneck, and quantitative information on genotype-environment relationships is the key to addressing major future challenges. With increasing demand to support and accelerate progress in breeding for novel traits, the plant research community faces the need to measure accurately increasingly large numbers of plants and plant traits. In this review article, we focus on the promising outlook of VOC phenotyping as a fast and non-invasive measure of phenotypic dynamics. The basic principle is to define plant phenotypes according to their disease resistance and stress tolerance, which in turn will help in improving the performance and yield of economically relevant plants.
植物会释放出多种多样的挥发性有机化合物（VOC），这些化合物可以积极参与植物的生长和对生物及非生物胁迫的防御。VOC 的排放强烈依赖于环境条件；最大的不确定性在于，预测的气候变化是否会影响和改变由 VOC 介导的植物-害虫相互作用。植物基因型、物种和分类群之间的组成型和诱导型排放模式具有高度的可变性，可以用作表型（化感）标记，以区分不同的起源和产地。近年来，分子和遗传植物育种取得了重大进展。然而，实际上在功能上连接基因型和表型方面的知识仍然匮乏，特别是在分析植物-环境相互作用方面。植物表型分析是对生长、发育、耐受、抗性等复杂植物性状的评估，已成为一个主要瓶颈，而基因型-环境关系的定量信息是解决未来重大挑战的关键。随着对支持和加速新型性状育种的需求不断增加，植物研究界面临着需要更准确地测量越来越多的植物和植物性状的需求。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了 VOC 表型分析作为一种快速、非侵入性的表型动态测量方法的广阔前景。其基本原理是根据植物的抗病性和抗逆性来定义植物表型，这反过来又有助于提高具有经济意义的相关植物的性能和产量。
