Drenowatz Clemens, Hand Gregory A, Sagner Michael, Shook Robin P, Burgess Stephanie, Blair Steven N
1Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 3European Society of Lifestyle Medicine, Paris, FRANCE; 4Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; 5College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and 6Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Dec;47(12):2535-41. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000701.
Despite the widely accepted benefits of exercise on chronic disease risk, controversy remains on the role of exercise in weight loss. This study examined the effect of different exercise types on measures of adiposity across different fat categories.
A total of 348 young adults (49% male; 28 ± 4 yr), participating in an ongoing observational study provided valid data over a period of 12 months. Fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured via dual x-ray absorptiometry every 3 months. Percent body fat was calculated and used to differentiate between normal-fat, "overfat," and obese participants. At each measurement time point, participants reported engagement (min·wk) in aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and other forms of exercise.
Most participants (93%) reported some exercise participation during the observation period. Total exercise or specific exercise types did not significantly affect subsequent body mass index after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, age, and baseline values of adiposity and exercise. Resistance exercise affected LM (P < 0.01) and FM (P < 0.01), whereas aerobic exercise only affected FM (P < 0.01). Any exercise type positively affected LM in normal-fat participants (P < 0.04). In overfat and obese participants, FM was reduced with increasing resistance exercise (P ≤ 0.02) but not with aerobic exercise (P ≥ 0.09). Additionally adjusting for objectively assessed total physical activity level did not change these results.
Despite the limited effects on body mass index, exercise was associated with beneficial changes in body composition. Exercise increased LM in normal-fat participants and reduced FM in overfat and obese adults. Adults with excess body fat may benefit particularly from resistance exercise.
尽管运动对慢性病风险的益处已得到广泛认可，但运动在减肥中的作用仍存在争议。本研究探讨了不同运动类型对不同脂肪类别肥胖指标的影响。
共有348名年轻人（49%为男性；年龄28±4岁）参与了一项正在进行的观察性研究，并在12个月内提供了有效数据。每3个月通过双能X线吸收法测量脂肪量（FM）和瘦体重（LM）。计算体脂百分比，用于区分正常脂肪、“超重脂肪”和肥胖参与者。在每个测量时间点，参与者报告有氧运动、抗阻运动和其他形式运动的参与时间（分钟·周）。
大多数参与者（93%）报告在观察期内有一定的运动参与。在对性别、种族、年龄以及肥胖和运动的基线值进行调整后，总运动量或特定运动类型对后续体重指数没有显著影响。抗阻运动对LM（P<0.01）和FM（P<0.01）有影响，而有氧运动仅对FM有影响（P<0.01）。任何运动类型对正常脂肪参与者的LM都有积极影响（P<0.04）。在超重脂肪和肥胖参与者中，随着抗阻运动增加，FM降低（P≤0.02），但有氧运动无此效果（P≥0.09）。另外，对客观评估的总身体活动水平进行调整后，这些结果并未改变。
尽管对体重指数的影响有限，但运动与身体成分的有益变化相关。运动使正常脂肪参与者的LM增加，使超重脂肪和肥胖成年人的FM降低。身体脂肪过多的成年人可能尤其从抗阻运动中获益。
