Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Center (CECAV), School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015 Apr 28;3:56. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00056. eCollection 2015.
Advances and research in biotechnology have applications over a wide range of areas, such as microbiology, medicine, the food industry, agriculture, genetically modified organisms, and nanotechnology, among others. However, research with pathogenic agents, such as virus, parasites, fungi, rickettsia, bacterial microorganisms, or genetic modified organisms, has generated concern because of their potential biological risk - not only for people, but also for the environment due to their unpredictable behavior. In addition, concern for biosafety is associated with the emergence of new diseases or re-emergence of diseases that were already under control. Biotechnology laboratories require biosafety measures designed to protect their staff, the population, and the environment, which may be exposed to hazardous organisms and materials. Laboratory staff training and education is essential, not only to acquire a good understanding about the direct handling of hazardous biological agents but also knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and human susceptibility to the biological materials used in research. Biological risk can be reduced and controlled by the correct application of internationally recognized procedures such as proper microbiological techniques, proper containment apparatus, adequate facilities, protective barriers, and special training and education of laboratory workers. To avoid occupational infections, knowledge about standardized microbiological procedures and techniques and the use of containment devices, facilities, and protective barriers is necessary. Training and education about the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and biohazards of the microorganisms involved may prevent or decrease the risk. In this way, the scientific community may benefit from the lessons learned in the past to anticipate future problems.
生物技术的进步和研究在许多领域都有应用，例如微生物学、医学、食品工业、农业、转基因生物和纳米技术等。然而，对病原体（如病毒、寄生虫、真菌、立克次体、细菌微生物或转基因生物）的研究引起了人们的关注，因为它们具有潜在的生物风险——不仅对人类，而且对环境也有潜在的风险，因为它们的行为是不可预测的。此外，人们对生物安全的关注与新疾病的出现或已经得到控制的疾病的再次出现有关。生物技术实验室需要采取生物安全措施来保护其工作人员、公众和环境免受危险生物和材料的侵害。实验室工作人员的培训和教育至关重要，不仅要对直接处理危险生物制剂有很好的了解，还要了解所研究的生物材料的流行病学、致病性和人类易感性。通过正确应用国际公认的程序，如适当的微生物技术、适当的封闭装置、充足的设施、保护屏障以及对实验室工作人员的特殊培训和教育，可以降低和控制生物风险。为了避免职业感染，必须了解标准化的微生物程序和技术以及使用封闭设备、设施和保护屏障的知识。关于所涉及微生物的流行病学、致病性和生物危害的培训和教育，可以预防或降低风险。通过这种方式，科学界可以从过去的经验中吸取教训，预测未来的问题。
