Vieira Júnior Gerardo Magela, da Rocha Cláudia Quintino, de Souza Rodrigues Tamires, Hiruma-Lima Clélia Akiko, Vilegas Wagner
Mato Grosso Federal University - UFMT - Institute of Natural, Humanities and Social Sciences, 78550-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Campus do Litoral Paulista, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
Food Chem. 2015 Nov 1;186:160-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Aug 17.
Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Fractionation of the ethanolic extracts (70%) from aerial parts (leaves and twigs) of S. paniculatum led to the isolation of the two new saponins (22R, 23S, 25R)-3β, 6α, 23-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1"" → 3"')-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl(1″' → 2')]-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1" → 3')]-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside (1) and diosgenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1" → 6')-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) together with four know compounds: caffeic acid (3), diosgenin β-D-glucopyranoside (4), rutin (5), and quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1"' → 6 ″)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive use of 1D and 2D NMR experiments along with HRESIMS analyses. Different doses (31.25-500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaves from S. paniculatum were evaluated against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats. The lower dose of extract able to promote antiulcer effect was 125 mg/kg. The treatment with S. paniculatum by oral route was able to decrease gastric lesion area and also reduced levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the gastric mucosa. Our results reveal for the first time, steroidal saponins from S. paniculatum and the antiulcer effect of this species at this lower dose.
刺茄（茄科）是一种广泛分布于热带美洲的植物物种，尤其在巴西热带稀树草原地区。在巴西，它被用于烹饪目的，在民间医学中用于治疗肝脏和胃部功能障碍以及宿醉。对刺茄地上部分（叶和嫩枝）的乙醇提取物（70%）进行分离，得到了两种新的皂苷：(22R, 23S, 25R)-3β, 6α, 23-三羟基-5α-螺旋甾烷6-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1″ → 3″')-O-[β-D-吡喃鸡纳糖基(1″' → 2')]-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1″ → 3')]-O-β-D-吡喃鸡纳糖苷（1）和薯蓣皂苷元3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1″ → 6')-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2），以及四种已知化合物：咖啡酸（3）、薯蓣皂苷元β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、芦丁（5）和槲皮素3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1‴ → 6″)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷（6）。通过广泛使用一维和二维核磁共振实验以及高分辨电喷雾电离质谱分析对这些化合物的结构进行了阐明。对大鼠给予不同剂量（31.25 - 500 mg/kg）的刺茄叶乙醇提取物，评估其对乙醇诱导的胃溃疡的作用。能够促进抗溃疡作用的提取物的最低剂量为125 mg/kg。经口服给予刺茄提取物能够减小胃损伤面积，并且还降低了胃黏膜中的髓过氧化物酶（MPO）水平。我们的结果首次揭示了刺茄中的甾体皂苷以及该物种在该较低剂量下的抗溃疡作用。
