Bellissimo Nick, Akhavan Tina
Ryerson University, Faculty of Community Services, School of Nutrition, Toronto, Canada
Ryerson University, Faculty of Community Services, School of Nutrition, Toronto, Canada.
Adv Nutr. 2015 May 15;6(3):302S-8S. doi: 10.3945/an.114.006957. Print 2015 May.
The purpose of this review is to describe the role of macronutrient composition on the suppression of short-term food intake (FI) and weight loss. The effects of macronutrient composition on short-term FI will be reviewed first, followed by a brief examination of longer-term clinical trials that vary in effects of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss. The objectives were: 1) to examine the effect of macronutrient composition on the suppression of short-term FI, 2) to determine whether some macronutrient sources suppress FI beyond their provision of energy, 3) to assess the combined effects of macronutrients on FI and glycemic response, and 4) to determine whether knowledge of the effect of macronutrients on short-term FI has led to greater success in spontaneous weight loss, adherence to energy-restricted diets, and better weight maintenance after weight loss. Although knowledge of macronutrient composition on short-term FI regulation has advanced our understanding of the role of diet composition on energy balance, it has yet to lead to greater success in long-term weight loss and weight maintenance. It is clear from this review that many approaches based on manipulating dietary macronutrient composition can help people lose weight as long as they follow the diets. However, only by evaluating the interaction between the physiologic systems that govern FI and body weight may the benefits of dietary macronutrient composition be fully realized.
本综述的目的是描述常量营养素组成在抑制短期食物摄入量（FI）和体重减轻方面的作用。首先将综述常量营养素组成对短期FI的影响，随后简要考察不同膳食常量营养素组成对体重减轻影响各异的长期临床试验。目标如下：1）研究常量营养素组成对短期FI抑制的影响；2）确定某些常量营养素来源是否能在提供能量之外抑制FI；3）评估常量营养素对FI和血糖反应的综合影响；4）确定关于常量营养素对短期FI影响的知识是否在自发体重减轻、坚持能量限制饮食以及减重后更好地维持体重方面取得了更大成功。尽管关于常量营养素组成对短期FI调节的知识增进了我们对饮食组成在能量平衡中作用的理解，但在长期体重减轻和体重维持方面尚未取得更大成功。从本综述中可以清楚地看出，只要遵循这些饮食，许多基于调整膳食常量营养素组成的方法都可以帮助人们减肥。然而，只有通过评估控制FI和体重的生理系统之间的相互作用，膳食常量营养素组成的益处才能得到充分实现。
