ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Consumer Behavior, Universitaetstrasse 22, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Br J Nutr. 2024 Apr 14;131(7):1268-1280. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523002726. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
Previous observational research showed that one of the most common strategies used to lose weight is to avoid or restrict the consumption of specific food items. However, the question of how people behave and implement strategies in actual decision-making situations involving food choices for weight loss purposes remains inconclusive. This experimental study using a food buffet aimed to examine people's different dietary strategies and motives for selecting foods for an entire day for weight loss purposes compared with a normal-day (ND) food selection. A total of 111 participants (55 % women) had to choose foods for both a ND and a weight loss day (WLD) (within-study design). Kilocalories and nutrients were calculated based on the weights of the foods selected, and food choice motives were assessed using a questionnaire. The results showed that for weight loss purposes, the participants selected more vegetables (both sexes) and unsweetened beverages (only men) while reducing their choices of high-fat and high-energy products (both sexes). Participants' food choices in both conditions (ND and WLD) differed from the official nutrition recommendations. They chose less carbohydrates and fibres and more fat and sugar than recommended. Health, kilocalories and nutrient content (carbohydrates, sugar, fat and protein) were more important food choice motives for weight loss purposes than for a ND food selection, while taste became less important. In conclusion, the participants appeared to be well capable of implementing several appropriate dietary strategies. Further research is needed to explore strategies to help them maintain these dietary changes over the long term.
先前的观察性研究表明，人们减肥时最常采用的策略之一是避免或限制特定食物的摄入。然而，人们在实际涉及减肥目的的食物选择的决策情境中如何表现以及实施策略，这一问题仍未有定论。本项使用自助餐的实验性研究旨在检验人们在减肥日（WLD）和日常饮食日（ND）的食物选择中，为达到减肥目的而采用的不同饮食策略和食物选择动机。共有 111 名参与者（55%为女性）需要为 ND 日和 WLD 日选择食物（在研究设计内）。根据所选食物的重量计算卡路里和营养素，使用问卷评估食物选择动机。结果表明，为达到减肥目的，参与者选择了更多的蔬菜（男女均如此）和无糖饮料（仅男性），同时减少了高脂肪和高能量产品的选择（男女均如此）。参与者在 ND 日和 WLD 日的食物选择均与官方营养建议不同。他们选择的碳水化合物和纤维比推荐量少，而脂肪和糖比推荐量多。健康、卡路里和营养素含量（碳水化合物、糖、脂肪和蛋白质）是减肥目的比 ND 日食物选择更重要的食物选择动机，而口味的重要性降低。总之，参与者似乎能够很好地实施多种适当的饮食策略。需要进一步研究来探索帮助他们长期保持这些饮食变化的策略。
