Abrams Richard A, Weidler Blaire J
Department of Psychology, Washington University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Aug;41(4):904-8. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000070. Epub 2015 May 18.
Perception is believed to scale the world to reflect one's own capabilities for action-objects that are more effortful to obtain are perceived as further away. Somewhat surprisingly, perception is also influenced by observing another person attempt an action, even though others cannot directly alter one's own capabilities. It is unknown, however, whether the effects of observation reflect a simulation of one acting as if from the perspective of the actor, or whether they reflect simulation of the potential effects of the actor on the environment, but from the observer's own point of view. In 2 experiments, we had an actor and an observer view a scene from opposing viewpoints. Enhancement of the actor's capabilities to reach a target object caused the target to appear further from the observer. Thus, in addition to indexing one's own capabilities, the perceptual system also scales the world to account for the potential effects of others.
人们认为,感知会对世界进行缩放,以反映自身的行动能力——获取难度更大的物体被感知为距离更远。有点令人惊讶的是,观察他人尝试某项行动也会影响感知,尽管他人无法直接改变自身的能力。然而,尚不清楚观察的影响是反映了从行动者角度进行的仿佛自己在行动的模拟,还是反映了从观察者自身角度对行动者对环境潜在影响的模拟。在两项实验中,我们让行动者和观察者从相反的视角观看一个场景。增强行动者获取目标物体的能力会使目标对观察者而言显得更远。因此,除了指示自身能力外,感知系统还会对世界进行缩放,以考虑他人的潜在影响。