Polders Evelien, Cornu Joris, De Ceunynck Tim, Daniels Stijn, Brijs Kris, Brijs Tom, Hermans Elke, Wets Geert
Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute, Wetenschapspark 5/6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Aug;81:153-66. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 May 15.
Numerous signalized intersections worldwide have been equipped with enforcement cameras in order to tackle red light running and often also to enforce speed limits. However, various impact evaluation studies of red light cameras (RLCs) showed an increase of rear-end collisions (up to 44%).
The principal objective of this study is to provide a better insight in possible explaining factors for the increase in rear-end collisions that is caused by placing combined speed and red light cameras (SRLCs).
Real-world observations and driving simulator-based observations are combined. Video recordings at two signalized intersections where SRLCs were about to be installed are used to analyze rear-end conflicts, interactions and driver behavior in two conditions (i.e., with and without SRLC). Furthermore, one of these intersections was rebuilt in a driving simulator equipped with an eye tracking system. At this location, two test conditions (i.e., SRLC and SRLC with a warning sign) and one control condition (i.e., no SRLC) are examined. The data of 63 participants were used to estimate the risk of rear-end collisions by means of a Monte Carlo Simulation.
The results of the on-site observation study reveal decreases in the number of red and yellow light violations, a shift (i.e., closer to the stop line) in the dilemma zone and a time headway reduction after the installation of the SRLC. Based on the driving simulator data, the odds of rear-end collisions (compared to the control condition) for the conditions with SRLC and SRLC+warning sign is 6.42 and 4.01, respectively.
The real-world and driving simulator observations indicate that the risk of rear-end collisions increases when SRLCs are installed. However, this risk might decrease when a warning sign is placed upstream.
为应对闯红灯行为，全球众多设有信号灯的十字路口都安装了执法摄像头，并且通常还用于执行速度限制。然而，各种关于闯红灯摄像头（RLC）的影响评估研究表明，追尾碰撞事故有所增加（增幅高达44%）。
本研究的主要目的是更深入地了解安装速度与闯红灯联合摄像头（SRLC）导致追尾碰撞事故增加的可能解释因素。
结合实际观察和基于驾驶模拟器的观察。利用两个即将安装SRLC的设有信号灯的十字路口的视频记录，分析两种情况下（即有和没有SRLC）的追尾冲突、相互作用和驾驶员行为。此外，其中一个十字路口在配备眼动追踪系统的驾驶模拟器中进行了重建。在这个地点，研究了两种测试情况（即SRLC和带有警告标志的SRLC）以及一种对照情况（即没有SRLC）。通过蒙特卡洛模拟，使用63名参与者的数据来估计追尾碰撞的风险。
现场观察研究的结果显示，安装SRLC后，闯红灯和闯黄灯行为的数量减少，困境区域发生了移动（即更靠近停车线），车头时距缩短。基于驾驶模拟器数据，SRLC和SRLC+警告标志情况下追尾碰撞的几率（与对照情况相比）分别为6.42和4.01。
实际观察和驾驶模拟器观察表明，安装SRLC时追尾碰撞的风险会增加。然而，当在上游设置警告标志时，这种风险可能会降低。
