Volland Moritz, Hampel Miriam, Martos-Sitcha Juan A, Trombini Chiara, Martínez-Rodríguez Gonzalo, Blasco Julián
Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Nov;22(22):17414-24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4718-x. Epub 2015 May 22.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered an important nano-sized component of the twenty-first century. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they are being used and developed for a wide range of promising applications in medicine, biology and chemistry. Notwithstanding their useful aspects, in recent years concern has been raised over their ability to enter cells, organelles and nuclei and provoke oxidative stress. In a laboratory-based experiment, the non-target marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum was used as a model organism. Uptake, elimination and molecular effects under short-term and sub-chronic exposure conditions to an environmental relevant concentration (0.75 μg L(-1)) of weakly agglomerating citrate AuNPs (∼20 nm) were studied. Our results demonstrate that at the tested concentration, the particles are readily taken up into the digestive gland > gills and can produce significant changes (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers, as measured by phase II antioxidant enzymes and q-PCR gene expression analysis. However, the overall magnitude of responses was low, and oxidative damage was not provoked. Further, a significant elimination of Au from the digestive tract within a 7-day purification period was observed, with excretion being an important pathway. In conclusion, short-term and sub-chronic exposure to an environmental relevant concentration of citrate-stabilized AuNPs cannot be considered toxic to our model organism, while some further consideration should be given to chronic exposure effects.
金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）被认为是21世纪一种重要的纳米级成分。由于其独特的物理和化学性质，它们正被用于并开发用于医学、生物学和化学等广泛的有前景的应用中。尽管它们有有用的方面，但近年来人们对其进入细胞、细胞器和细胞核并引发氧化应激的能力提出了担忧。在一项基于实验室的实验中，非目标海洋双壳贝类菲律宾蛤仔被用作模式生物。研究了在短期和亚慢性暴露条件下，暴露于环境相关浓度（0.75 μg L(-1)）的弱团聚柠檬酸盐AuNPs（约20 nm）时的摄取、消除和分子效应。我们的结果表明，在测试浓度下，颗粒很容易被吸收到消化腺>鳃中，并能使氧化应激和炎症反应标志物产生显著变化（p < 0.05），这通过II期抗氧化酶和q-PCR基因表达分析来衡量。然而，反应的总体程度较低，并未引发氧化损伤。此外，在7天的净化期内观察到从消化道中显著消除了金，排泄是一个重要途径。总之，短期和亚慢性暴露于环境相关浓度的柠檬酸盐稳定的AuNPs对我们的模式生物不能被认为是有毒的，而对于慢性暴露效应应给予进一步考虑。
