Davin-Regli Anne, Pagès Jean-Marie
Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, UMR-MD1, IRBA - Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille France.
Front Microbiol. 2015 May 18;6:392. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00392. eCollection 2015.
Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae have been reported as important opportunistic and multiresistant bacterial pathogens for humans during the last three decades in hospital wards. These Gram-negative bacteria have been largely described during several outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections in Europe and particularly in France. The dissemination of Enterobacter sp. is associated with the presence of redundant regulatory cascades that efficiently control the membrane permeability ensuring the bacterial protection and the expression of detoxifying enzymes involved in antibiotic degradation/inactivation. In addition, these bacterial species are able to acquire numerous genetic mobile elements that strongly contribute to antibiotic resistance. Moreover, this particular fitness help them to colonize several environments and hosts and rapidly and efficiently adapt their metabolism and physiology to external conditions and environmental stresses. Enterobacter is a versatile bacterium able to promptly respond to the antibiotic treatment in the colonized patient. The balance of the prevalence, E. aerogenes versus E. cloacae, in the reported hospital infections during the last period, questions about the horizontal transmission of mobile elements containing antibiotic resistance genes, e.g., the efficacy of the exchange of resistance genes Klebsiella pneumoniae to Enterobacter sp. It is also important to mention the possible role of antibiotic use in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases in this E. aerogenes/E. cloacae evolution.
在过去三十年里，产气肠杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌已被报道为医院病房中对人类重要的机会性感染和多重耐药细菌病原体。在欧洲，尤其是法国的几次医院获得性感染暴发期间，对这些革兰氏阴性菌已有大量描述。肠杆菌属细菌的传播与冗余调控级联的存在有关，这些调控级联有效地控制膜通透性，确保细菌的保护以及参与抗生素降解/失活的解毒酶的表达。此外，这些细菌物种能够获得大量遗传移动元件，这对耐药性有很大影响。而且，这种特殊的适应性有助于它们在多种环境和宿主体内定殖，并迅速有效地使其代谢和生理适应外部条件和环境压力。肠杆菌是一种多功能细菌，能够对定植患者的抗生素治疗迅速做出反应。在上一时期报告的医院感染中，产气肠杆菌与阴沟肠杆菌的流行率平衡，引发了关于含有抗生素抗性基因的移动元件水平传播的问题，例如肺炎克雷伯菌抗性基因向肠杆菌属细菌交换的效率。在产气肠杆菌/阴沟肠杆菌的进化过程中，提及抗生素在细菌性传染病治疗中的可能作用也很重要。
