Giorgi E, Marani A, Salvati O, Mangiaracina G, Prestigiacomo C, Osborn J F, Cattaruzza M S
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pharmacy and Medicine Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Palestrina Hospital, ASLRMG.
Ann Ig. 2015 Mar-Apr;27(2):447-59. doi: 10.7416/ai.2015.2031.
In Italy, the prevalence of smoking among health professionals is higher than in the general population and this might hamper their role in the promotion of health. This study aimed to investigate how the smoking status of healthcare professionals might influence knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice in a hospital in central Italy in order to enforce effective tobacco control measures.
Physicians and professionals of the hospital were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire which yielded epidemiological and environmental information on knowledge, attitude, clinical practice and quality of the hospital environments, in relation to smoking.
Overall, among the employees of the hospital, the smoking prevalence was 47%, (42% among physicians and 43% among nurses); 30% admitted smoking in the hospital and three quarters of the smokers would like to quit. Some knowledge, opinions and attitudes differ statistically among the smoking categories. For example, only 35% of the smokers admitted that smoking is more dangerous to health than atmospheric and car pollution compared with 60% of the ex or never smokers (p=0.04). Fewer smokers realize that their behavior is seen as a role model by patients. A greater percentage of smokers state that patients (34%) and visitors (43%) often smoke in hospital and these percentages are significantly higher than those reported by ex or never smokers (p≤0.05). All smokers claim that they never smoke in patient rooms, infirmaries and clinics, whereas over 20% of ex or never smokers report that smoking sometimes occurs in these places (p=0.015). The mean concentration of PM 2.5 in the 25 rooms was 2.4 μg/m3 with a range from 1 to 7 μg/m3.
This study implies that the prevalence of smoking among health professionals may be very high, and might be twice the rate observed in the general population. Generally, smokers report less knowledge compared with ex and never-smokers and it seems that they systematically underestimate the dangers related to smoking both in their knowledge and in their behavior, and try to socially "normalize" smoking. All this and the evidence of cigarette butts in hospital rooms and clinics, notwithstanding the good quality of the air thanks to the modern ventilation system, imply that there is still a long way to go towards a smoke-free hospital.
在意大利，卫生专业人员中的吸烟率高于普通人群，这可能会妨碍他们在促进健康方面的作用。本研究旨在调查意大利中部一家医院中医疗保健专业人员的吸烟状况如何影响知识、态度和临床实践，以便实施有效的烟草控制措施。
要求该医院的医生和专业人员填写一份匿名问卷，该问卷提供了与吸烟相关的关于知识、态度、临床实践和医院环境质量的流行病学和环境信息。
总体而言，在该医院员工中，吸烟率为47%（医生中为42%，护士中为43%）；30%的人承认在医院吸烟，四分之三的吸烟者想要戒烟。在不同吸烟类别中，一些知识、观点和态度在统计学上存在差异。例如，只有35%的吸烟者承认吸烟对健康的危害比大气污染和汽车污染更大，而曾经吸烟或从不吸烟的人中这一比例为60%（p=0.04）。较少的吸烟者意识到他们的行为被患者视为榜样。更大比例的吸烟者表示患者（34%）和访客（43%）经常在医院吸烟，这些比例显著高于曾经吸烟或从不吸烟的人报告的比例（p≤0.05）。所有吸烟者都声称他们从不在病房、医务室和诊所吸烟，而超过20%的曾经吸烟或从不吸烟的人报告说这些地方有时会有人吸烟（p=0.015）。25个房间中PM 2.5的平均浓度为2.4μg/m3，范围为1至7μg/m3。
本研究表明，卫生专业人员中的吸烟率可能非常高，可能是普通人群中观察到的吸烟率的两倍。一般来说，与曾经吸烟和从不吸烟的人相比，吸烟者报告的知识较少，而且似乎他们在知识和行为上都系统性地低估了与吸烟相关的危害，并试图在社会上使吸烟“正常化”。尽管由于现代通风系统空气质量良好，但医院病房和诊所中有烟头的证据表明，实现无烟医院仍有很长的路要走。
