Tsaur Stephen, Strasser Andrew A, Souprountchouk Valentina, Evans Gretchen C, Ashare Rebecca L
Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Addict Res Theory. 2015;23(3):205-212. doi: 10.3109/16066359.2014.953940.
Nicotine withdrawal produces increased craving for cigarettes and deficits in response inhibition, and these withdrawal symptoms are predictive of relapse. Although it is well-established that these symptoms emerge early during abstinence, there is mixed evidence regarding whether they occur simultaneously. Given the importance of the early withdrawal period, this study examined craving and response inhibition at 24h and 72h abstinence.
Twenty-one non-treatment seeking adult smokers were evaluated at baseline, 24h, and 72h abstinence for craving (Questionnaire on Smoking Urges - Brief) and response inhibition (Stop Signal Task, Stroop Task, Continuous Performance Task). Generalized linear regression models were used for primary outcomes, and Pearson correlations for examining the association between craving and response inhibition.
Factor 2 craving (anticipated relief of negative affect) increased from baseline to 24h abstinent (=0.004), which subsided by 72h (=0.08). Deficits in response inhibition measured by the Stop Signal Task were observed at 72h (=0.046), but not 24h (=0.318). No correlation was found between response inhibition and craving at any time point (-values>0.19), except between the Stroop Task and factor 1 craving at baseline (=0.025).
Factor 2 craving peaked at 24h, whereas deficits in response inhibition did not emerge until 72h, indicating that need to target craving and cognitive function during early abstinence may not occur simultaneously. Further characterizing the time course of withdrawal symptoms may guide development of targeted treatments for smoking cessation.
尼古丁戒断会导致对香烟的渴望增加以及反应抑制能力下降，而这些戒断症状可预测复吸情况。虽然已明确这些症状在戒烟早期就会出现，但关于它们是否同时出现的证据并不一致。鉴于戒烟早期阶段的重要性，本研究对戒烟24小时和72小时时的渴望程度及反应抑制能力进行了检测。
对21名未寻求治疗的成年吸烟者在基线期、戒烟24小时和72小时时进行评估，检测其渴望程度（使用吸烟欲望简式问卷）和反应抑制能力（采用停止信号任务、斯特鲁普任务、连续性能任务）。主要结局采用广义线性回归模型分析，采用Pearson相关分析检测渴望程度与反应抑制能力之间的关联。
因素2渴望（预期缓解负面影响）从基线期到戒烟24小时时增加（=0.004），到72小时时减弱（=0.08）。采用停止信号任务测得的反应抑制能力下降在72小时时出现（=0.046），但在24小时时未出现（=0.318）。在任何时间点，反应抑制能力与渴望程度之间均未发现相关性（-值>0.19），但在基线期斯特鲁普任务与因素1渴望之间存在相关性（=0.025）。
因素2渴望在24小时时达到峰值，而反应抑制能力下降直到72小时才出现，这表明在戒烟早期针对渴望和认知功能的需求可能不会同时出现。进一步明确戒断症状的时间进程可能会为戒烟的靶向治疗发展提供指导。
