†Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
‡Department of Chemistry, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Jul 7;49(13):7675-83. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01307. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
The plastic additive bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly found in landfill leachate at levels exceeding acute toxicity benchmarks. To gain insight into the mechanisms controlling BPA emissions from waste and waste-handling facilities, a comprehensive field and laboratory campaign was conducted to quantify BPA in solid waste materials (glass, combustibles, vehicle fluff, waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), plastics, fly ash, bottom ash, and digestate), leachate water, and atmospheric dust from Norwegian sorting, incineration, and landfill facilities. Solid waste concentrations varied from below 0.002 mg/kg (fly ash) to 188 ± 125 mg/kg (plastics). A novel passive sampling method was developed to, for the first time, establish a set of waste-water partition coefficients, KD,waste, for BPA, and to quantify differences between total and freely dissolved concentrations in waste-facility leachate. Log-normalized KD,waste (L/kg) values were similar for all solid waste materials (from 2.4 to 3.1), excluding glass and metals, indicating BPA is readily leachable. Leachate concentrations were similar for landfills and WEEE/vehicle sorting facilities (from 0.7 to 200 μg/L) and dominated by the freely dissolved fraction, not bound to (plastic) colloids (agreeing with measured KD,waste values). Dust concentrations ranged from 2.3 to 50.7 mg/kgdust. Incineration appears to be an effective way to reduce BPA concentrations in solid waste, dust, and leachate.
塑料添加剂双酚 A（BPA）在垃圾渗滤液中普遍存在，其浓度超过急性毒性基准。为了深入了解控制废物和废物处理设施中 BPA 排放的机制，进行了一项全面的现场和实验室研究，以量化挪威分类、焚烧和垃圾填埋设施中的固体废物（玻璃、可燃物、车辆绒毛、废旧电子和电气设备（WEEE）、塑料、飞灰、底灰和消化物）、渗滤液水和大气灰尘中的 BPA。固体废物浓度从低于 0.002mg/kg（飞灰）到 188±125mg/kg（塑料）不等。开发了一种新型的被动采样方法，首次建立了一组 BPA 的废水分配系数 KD,waste，并量化了废物流中总浓度和自由溶解浓度之间的差异。所有固体废物（从 2.4 到 3.1）的对数正态化 KD,waste（L/kg）值相似，不包括玻璃和金属，表明 BPA 很容易浸出。垃圾填埋场和 WEEE/车辆分类设施中的渗滤液浓度相似（从 0.7 到 200μg/L），主要由自由溶解部分组成，与（塑料）胶体结合不牢（与实测 KD,waste 值一致）。灰尘浓度范围从 2.3 到 50.7mg/kgdust。焚烧似乎是减少固体废物、灰尘和渗滤液中 BPA 浓度的有效方法。
