Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendée (LEAV), Department of Chemistry, Rond-point Georges Duval CS 80802, 85021 La Roche-sur-Yon, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 1;715:136824. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136824. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Even though production and open use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been phased out in Western industrialised countries since the 1980s, PCBs were still present in waste collected from different waste handling facilities in Norway in 2013. Sums of seven indicator-PCBs (I-PCB: PCB-28, -52, -101, -118, -138, -153 and -180) were highest in plastic waste (3700 ±1800 μg/kg, n=15), waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (1300 ± 400 μg/kg, n=12) and fine vehicle fluff (1800 ± 1400 μg/kg, n=4) and lowest in glass waste, combustibles, bottom ash and fly ash (0.3 to 65 μg/kg). Concentrations in leachate water varied from 1.7 to 2900 ng/L, with higher concentrations found at vehicle and WEEE handling facilities. Particles in leachate water exhibited similar PCB sorption properties as solid waste collected on site, with waste-water partitioning coefficients ranging from 10 to 10. I-PCB in air samples collected at the sites were mostly in the gas phase (100-24000 pg/m), compared to those associated with particles (9-1900 pg/m). In contrast, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the same samples were predominantly found associated with particles (e.g. sum of 10 brominated diethyl ethers, ΣBDE, associated with particles 77-194,000 pg/m) compared to the gas phase (ΣBDE 6-473 pg/m). Measured gas-phase I-PCB concentrations are less than predicted, assuming waste-air partitioning in equilibrium with predominant waste on site. However, the gas-particle partitioning behavior of PCBs and BFRs could be predicted using an established partitioning model for ambient aerosols. PCB emissions from Norwegian waste handling facilities occurred primarily in the form of atmospheric vapor or leachate particles.
尽管自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，西方工业化国家已经逐步停止生产和使用多氯联苯（PCBs），但 2013 年在挪威从不同废物处理设施收集的废物中仍存在 PCBs。七种指示性多氯联苯（I-PCB：PCB-28、-52、-101、-118、-138、-153 和 -180）在塑料废物（3700±1800μg/kg，n=15）、电子电气废物（WEEE）（1300±400μg/kg，n=12）和细小车辆绒毛（1800±1400μg/kg，n=4）中的含量最高，在玻璃废物、可燃物、底灰和飞灰中含量最低（0.3 至 65μg/kg）。浸出液水中的浓度范围为 1.7 至 2900ng/L，在车辆和 WEEE 处理设施中发现了更高的浓度。浸出液水中的颗粒表现出与现场收集的固体废物相似的 PCB 吸附特性，废水分配系数范围为 10 至 10。在现场收集的空气样本中采集到的 I-PCB 主要处于气相（100-24000pg/m），而与颗粒相关的 I-PCB 较少（9-1900pg/m）。相比之下，同一样品中的溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）主要与颗粒相关（例如，10 溴二乙基醚总和，ΣBDE，与颗粒相关 77-194000pg/m），而与气相（ΣBDE 6-473pg/m）相比。与假设废物-空气分配处于与现场主要废物平衡的情况下相比，测量的气相 I-PCB 浓度较低。然而，PCBs 和 BFRs 的气-粒分配行为可以使用已建立的环境气溶胶分配模型进行预测。挪威废物处理设施的 PCB 排放主要以大气蒸气或浸出液颗粒的形式发生。
