Gunn Lynda, Collins Patrick James, Fanning Séamus, McKillen John, Morgan John, Staines Anthony, O'Shea Helen
Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
School of Public Health, Physio & Pop Sc, Science Centre - South, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2015 Jun 9;5:27270. doi: 10.3402/iee.v5.27270. eCollection 2015.
Livestock animals have been the assumed source of several human epidemics in recent years, for example, influenza H1N1, rotavirus G8/G9, and MERS-CoV. Surveillance of novel viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine any economic impact, for example, failure to thrive. There is a paucity of data regarding detection and characterisation of gastroenteritis viruses, particularly novel viruses, in porcines in Ireland. Recently, a number of small novel porcine DNA viruses have emerged globally, for example, torque teno sus virus, porcine bocavirus, and parvoviruses 2 & 4, and little is known about the biology and potential pathogenicity of these viruses. Bocaparvovirus is a genetically distinct group of viruses which has been recently detected in humans and animals.
In this study, the presence of gastroenteritis viruses (rotavirus A, porcine circovirus, adenovirus, and porcine bocavirus) was investigated in a selection of archived faecal samples from asymptomatic piglets from a commercial farm in Ireland. A total of 104 specimens were pooled and screened using conventional molecular techniques (PCR and RT-PCR), a subset of specimens (n=44) were then examined individually. Viral diversity was then investigated using statistical and phylogenetic techniques.
Initial screening showed a high prevalence of PBoV in this farm, with the formation of three distinct groups in phylogenetic analysis. Other viruses were also investigated in this study with the first report of PCV, PAdV and lineage I G5 RVA in Ireland. Some specimens contained >1 virus, with statistical analysis indicating a strong correlation for mixed infections of PBoV and PAdV on this farm.
Investigating the diversity of circulating enteric viruses on Irish porcine farms is important to improve the prophylactic tools available and to facilitate the early detection of changes in circulating viruses.
近年来，家畜被认为是几起人类流行病的源头，例如甲型H1N1流感、轮状病毒G8/G9和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒。对动物体内新型病毒的监测对于评估对人类和动物健康的风险以及确定任何经济影响（例如生长发育不良）至关重要。关于爱尔兰猪群中胃肠炎病毒，特别是新型病毒的检测和特征的数据匮乏。最近，全球出现了一些小型新型猪DNA病毒，例如猪圆环病毒、猪博卡病毒以及细小病毒2型和4型，而对这些病毒的生物学特性和潜在致病性知之甚少。博卡细小病毒是一组基因独特的病毒，最近在人类和动物中被检测到。
在本研究中，对来自爱尔兰一个商业农场无症状仔猪的一批存档粪便样本进行了胃肠炎病毒（轮状病毒A、猪圆环病毒、腺病毒和猪博卡病毒）检测。总共收集了104份样本，并使用传统分子技术（PCR和RT-PCR）进行筛选，然后对一部分样本（n = 44）进行单独检测。随后使用统计和系统发育技术研究病毒多样性。
初步筛选显示该农场猪博卡病毒的感染率很高，在系统发育分析中形成了三个不同的组。本研究还对其他病毒进行了检测，首次在爱尔兰报告了猪圆环病毒、猪腺病毒和I型G5轮状病毒A。一些样本含有不止一种病毒，统计分析表明该农场猪博卡病毒和猪腺病毒混合感染之间存在很强的相关性。
调查爱尔兰猪场中循环肠道病毒的多样性对于改进现有的预防工具和促进对循环病毒变化的早期检测非常重要。
