Opatow B
Int J Psychoanal. 1989;70 ( Pt 4):645-60.
This paper begins by examining the current conflicting points of view about metapsychology--its status, usefulness and explanatory power. The drive concept, the source of psychic dynamism, is identified at the core of the controversy. As a solution, the paper proposes a conceptual intensification afforded by the integration of consciousness into Freud's theory of the drive. With consciousness, I attempt to mine a deep vein of theory. Rather than being viewed as an inert accompaniment to organismic events, consciousness is exhibited as an inherent dialectical activity. This allows a non-metaphorical conceptualization of psychic energy that is consistent both internally and with physical law. This drive concept is then applied to the putative experience of earliest infancy and provides a basis for the anaclitic origin of sexuality and a critique of current infant research.
本文开篇审视了当前关于精神分析学的相互冲突的观点——其地位、效用和解释力。驱力概念作为心理动力的源泉，被视为这场争议的核心。作为一种解决方案，本文提出通过将意识融入弗洛伊德的驱力理论来强化概念。借助意识，我试图挖掘一条理论的深层脉络。意识并非被视为有机事件的惰性伴随物，而是展现为一种内在的辩证活动。这使得对心理能量的非隐喻性概念化在内部既保持一致，又与物理法则相符。然后，这一驱力概念被应用于假定的婴儿早期体验，并为性欲的依恋起源提供了基础，同时对当前的婴儿研究进行了批判。
